Open Access

Biological and neurological activities of astaxanthin (Review)

  • Authors:
    • Pan Si
    • Chenkai Zhu
  • View Affiliations

  • Published online on: August 8, 2022     https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2022.12816
  • Article Number: 300
  • Copyright: © Si et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.

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Abstract

Astaxanthin is a lipid‑soluble carotenoid produced by various microorganisms and marine animals, including bacteria, yeast, fungi, microalgae, shrimps and lobsters. Astaxanthin has antioxidant, anti‑inflammatory and anti‑apoptotic properties. These characteristics suggest that astaxanthin has health benefits and protects against various diseases. Owing to its ability to cross the blood‑brain barrier, astaxanthin has received attention for its protective effects against neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, cerebral ischemia/reperfusion, subarachnoid hemorrhage, traumatic brain injury, spinal cord injury, cognitive impairment and neuropathic pain. Previous studies on the neurological effects of astaxanthin are mostly based on animal models and cellular experiments. Thus, the biological effects of astaxanthin on humans and its underlying mechanisms are still not fully understood. The present review summarizes the neuroprotective effects of astaxanthin, explores its mechanisms of action and draws attention to its potential clinical implications as a therapeutic agent.
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October-2022
Volume 26 Issue 4

Print ISSN: 1791-2997
Online ISSN:1791-3004

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Spandidos Publications style
Si P and Zhu C: Biological and neurological activities of astaxanthin (Review). Mol Med Rep 26: 300, 2022.
APA
Si, P., & Zhu, C. (2022). Biological and neurological activities of astaxanthin (Review). Molecular Medicine Reports, 26, 300. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2022.12816
MLA
Si, P., Zhu, C."Biological and neurological activities of astaxanthin (Review)". Molecular Medicine Reports 26.4 (2022): 300.
Chicago
Si, P., Zhu, C."Biological and neurological activities of astaxanthin (Review)". Molecular Medicine Reports 26, no. 4 (2022): 300. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2022.12816