
Metabolic syndrome in patients with schizophrenia: Underlying mechanisms and therapeutic approaches (Review)
- Authors:
- Aspasia Manta
- Anastasia Georganta
- Afroditi Roumpou
- Vassilis Zoumpourlis
- Demetrios A. Spandidos
- Emmanouil Rizos
- Melpomeni Peppa
-
Affiliations: Endocrine Unit, Second Propaedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Research Institute and Diabetes Center, Attikon University Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece, Third Department of Internal Medicine, Sotiria General Hospital for Chest Diseases, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece, Biomedical Applications Unit, Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation (NHRF), 11635 Athens, Greece, Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece, Second Department of Psychiatry, Attikon University Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12641 Athens, Greece - Published online on: February 26, 2025 https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2025.13479
- Article Number: 114
-
Copyright: © Manta et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
This article is mentioned in:
Abstract
![]() |
![]() |
Orsolini L, Pompili S and Volpe U: Schizophrenia: A narrative review of etiopathogenetic, diagnostic and treatment aspects. J Clin Med. 11:50402022. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
McGrath J, Saha S, Chant D and Welham J: Schizophrenia: A concise overview of incidence, prevalence, and mortality. Epidemiol Rev. 30:67–76. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Brink M, Green A, Bojesen AB, Lamberti JS, Conwell Y and Andersen K: Excess medical comorbidity and mortality across the lifespan in schizophrenia. Schizophr Res. 206:347–354. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Penninx BWJH and Lange SMM: Metabolic syndrome in psychiatric patients: Overview, mechanisms, and implications. Dialogues Clin Neurosci. 20:63–73. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Nielsen RE, Banner J and Jensen SE: Cardiovascular disease in patients with severe mental illness. Nat Rev Cardiol. 18:136–145. 2021. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Correll CU, Solmi M, Croatto G, Schneider LK, Rohani-Montez SC, Fairley L, Smith N, Bitter I, Gorwood P, Taipale H and Tiihonen J: Mortality in people with schizophrenia: A systematic review and meta-analysis of relative risk and aggravating or attenuating factors. World Psychiatry. 21:248–271. 2022. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Tzur Bitan D, Krieger I, Berkovitch A, Comaneshter D and Cohen A: Chronic kidney disease in adults with schizophrenia: A nationwide population-based study. Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 58:1–6. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Hsu YH, Cheng JS, Ouyang WC, Lin CL, Huang CT and Hsu CC: Lower incidence of end-stage renal disease but suboptimal pre-dialysis renal care in Schizophrenia: A 14-year nationwide cohort study. PLoS One. 10:e01405102015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Kazlauskienė L, Butnorienė J and Norkus A: Metabolic syndrome related to cardiovascular events in a 10-year prospective study. Diabetol Metab Syndr. 7:1022015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Grundy SM, Cleeman JI, Daniels SR, Donato KA, Eckel RH, Franklin BA, Gordon DJ, Krauss RM, Savage PJ, Smith SC Jr, et al: Diagnosis and management of the metabolic syndrome: An American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Scientific Statement. Circulation. 112:2735–2752. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Saklayen MG: The global epidemic of the metabolic syndrome. Curr Hypertens Rep. 20:122018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Vancampfort D, Stubbs B, Mitchell AJ, De Hert M, Wampers M, Ward PB, Rosenbaum S and Correll CU: Risk of metabolic syndrome and its components in people with schizophrenia and related psychotic disorders, bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis. World Psychiatry. 14:339–347. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Salari N, Maghami N, Ammari T, Mosafer H, Abdullahi R, Rasoulpoor S, Babajani F, Mahmodzadeh B and Mohammadi M: Global prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Schizophrenia patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Prev (2022). 45:973–986. 2024. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Vancampfort D, Wampers M, Mitchell AJ, Correll CU, De Herdt A, Probst M and De Hert M: A meta-analysis of cardio-metabolic abnormalities in drug naïve, first-episode and multi-episode patients with schizophrenia versus general population controls. World Psychiatry. 12:240–250. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Sugai T, Suzuki Y, Yamazaki M, Shimoda K, Mori T, Ozeki Y, Matsuda H, Sugawara N, Yasui-Furukori N, Minami Y, et al: High prevalence of obesity, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes mellitus in japanese outpatients with Schizophrenia: A nationwide survey. PLoS One. 11:e01664292016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Carney R, Cotter J, Bradshaw T, Firth J and Yung AR: Cardiometabolic risk factors in young people at ultra-high risk for psychosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Schizophr Res. 170:290–300. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Emul M and Kalelioglu T: Etiology of cardiovascular disease in patients with schizophrenia: Current perspectives. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 11:2493–2503. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Rouillon F and Sorbara F: Schizophrenia and diabetes: Epidemiological data. Eur Psychiatry. 20 (Suppl 4):S345–S348. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Suvisaari J, Keinänen J, Eskelinen S and Mantere O: Diabetes and Schizophrenia. Curr Diab Rep. 16:162016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Peet M: Diet, diabetes and Schizophrenia: Review and hypothesis. Br J Psychiatry. (Suppl 184):S102–S105. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Pillinger T, Beck K, Gobjila C, Donocik JG, Jauhar S and Howes OD: Impaired glucose homeostasis in first-episode Schizophrenia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Psychiatry. 74:261–269. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Bora E, Akdede BB and Alptekin K: The relationship between cognitive impairment in Schizophrenia and metabolic syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychol Med. 47:1030–1040. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Grover S, R P, Sahoo S, Gopal S, Nehra R, Ganesh A, Raghavan V and Sankaranarayan A: Relationship of metabolic syndrome and neurocognitive deficits in patients with Schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res. 278:56–64. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Bosia M, Buonocore M, Bechi M, Santarelli L, Spangaro M, Cocchi F, Guglielmino C, Bianchi L, Bringheli S, Bosinelli F and Cavallaro R: Improving cognition to increase treatment efficacy in Schizophrenia: Effects of metabolic syndrome on cognitive remediation's outcome. Front Psychiatry. 9:6472018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Lindenmayer JP, Khan A, Kaushik S, Thanju A, Praveen R, Hoffman L, Cherath L, Valdez G and Wance D: Relationship between metabolic syndrome and cognition in patients with schizophrenia. Schizophr Res. 142:171–176. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Mizuki Y, Sakamoto S, Okahisa Y, Yada Y, Hashimoto N, Takaki M and Yamada N: Mechanisms underlying the comorbidity of schizophrenia and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol. 24:367–382. 2021. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Kalejahi P, Kheirouri S, Noorazar SG and Sanayei M: The relationship between brain-derived neurotrophic factor and metabolic syndrome in patients with chronic schizophrenia: A systematic review. Neuropeptides. 87:1021352021. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Rojo LE, Gaspar PA, Silva H, Risco L, Arena P, Cubillos-Robles K and Jara B: Metabolic syndrome and obesity among users of second generation antipsychotics: A global challenge for modern psychopharmacology. Pharmacol Res. 101:74–85. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Henderson DC, Vincenzi B, Andrea NV, Ulloa M and Copeland PM: Pathophysiological mechanisms of increased cardiometabolic risk in people with schizophrenia and other severe mental illnesses. Lancet Psychiatry. 2:452–464. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Goldsmith DR, Rapaport MH and Miller BJ: A meta-analysis of blood cytokine network alterations in psychiatric patients: Comparisons between schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and depression. Mol Psychiatry. 21:1696–1709. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Flatow J, Buckley P and Miller BJ: Meta-analysis of oxidative stress in Schizophrenia. Biol Psychiatry. 74:400–409. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Perry BI, Burgess S, Jones HJ, Zammit S, Upthegrove R, Mason AM, Day FR, Langenberg C, Wareham NJ, Jones PB and Khandaker GM: The potential shared role of inflammation in insulin resistance and schizophrenia: A bidirectional two-sample mendelian randomization study. PLoS Med. 18:e10034552021. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Dasgupta A, Singh OP, Rout JK, Saha T and Mandal S: Insulin resistance and metabolic profile in antipsychotic naïve schizophrenia patients. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 34:1202–1207. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Chen S, Broqueres-You D, Yang G, Wang Z, Li Y, Wang N, Zhang X, Yang F and Tan Y: Relationship between insulin resistance, dyslipidaemia and positive symptom in Chinese antipsychotic-naive first-episode patients with schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res. 210:825–829. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Zhao Z, Ksiezak-Reding H, Riggio S, Haroutunian V and Pasinetti GM: Insulin receptor deficits in schizophrenia and in cellular and animal models of insulin receptor dysfunction. Schizophr Res. 84:1–14. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Saxena A, Patel D, Ayesha IE, Monson NR, Klair N, Patel U and Khan S: Metabolic syndrome causing cognitive impairment in patients with Schizophrenia: A systematic review. Cureus. 15:e475872023.PubMed/NCBI | |
Baothman OA, Zamzami MA, Taher I, Abubaker J and Abu-Farha M: The role of Gut Microbiota in the development of obesity and Diabetes. Lipids Health Dis. 15:1082016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Müller N: Inflammation in Schizophrenia: Pathogenetic aspects and therapeutic considerations. Schizophr Bull. 44:973–982. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Cryan JF, O'Riordan KJ, Cowan CSM, Sandhu KV, Bastiaanssen TFS, Boehme M, Codagnone MG, Cussotto S, Fulling C, Golubeva AV, et al: The microbiota-gut-brain axis. Physiol Rev. 99:1877–2013. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
He Y, Kosciolek T, Tang J, Zhou Y, Li Z, Ma X, Zhu Q, Yuan N, Yuan L, Li C, et al: Gut microbiome and magnetic resonance spectroscopy study of subjects at ultra-high risk for psychosis may support the membrane hypothesis. Eur Psychiatry. 53:37–45. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Misiak B, Łoniewski I, Marlicz W, Frydecka D, Szulc A, Rudzki L and Samochowiec J: The HPA axis dysregulation in severe mental illness: Can we shift the blame to gut microbiota? Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 102:1099512020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Ferentinos P, Rizos E, Douzenis A, Papadopoulou A, Christodoulou C, Peppa M and Lykouras L: Androgen insensitivity and liability to drug-induced extrapyramidal Symptoms. Gend Med. 8:156–160. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Tsigkaropoulou E, Peppa M, Zompola C, Rizos E, Xelioti I, Chatziioannou S, Filippopoulou A and Lykouras L: Hypogonadism due to hyperprolactinemia and subsequent first episode of psychosis. Gend Med. 9:56–60. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Bellivier F: Schizophrenia, antipsychotics and diabetes: Genetic aspects. Eur Psychiatry. 20 (Suppl 4):S335–S339. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Ayalew M, Le-Niculescu H, Levey DF, Jain N, Changala B, Patel SD, Winiger E, Breier A, Shekhar A, Amdur R, et al: Convergent functional genomics of schizophrenia: from comprehensive understanding to genetic risk prediction. Mol Psychiatry. 17:887–905. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Fujihara K: Beyond the γ-aminobutyric acid hypothesis of schizophrenia. Front Cell Neurosci. 17:11616082023. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Molina JD, Avila S, Rubio G and López-Muñoz F: Metabolomic Connections between Schizophrenia, antipsychotic drugs and metabolic Syndrome: A variety of players. Curr Pharm Des. 27:4049–4061. 2021. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Castillo RI, Rojo LE, Henriquez-Henriquez M, Silva H, Maturana A, Villar MJ, Fuentes M and Gaspar PA: From molecules to the clinic: Linking Schizophrenia and metabolic syndrome through sphingolipids metabolism. Front Neurosci. 10:4882016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Tsubomoto M, Kawabata R, Zhu X, Minabe Y, Chen K, Lewis DA and Hashimoto T: Expression of transcripts selective for GABA neuron subpopulations across the Cortical visuospatial working memory network in the healthy state and Schizophrenia. Cereb Cortex. 29:3540–3550. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Fish KN, Rocco BR, Wilson JD and Lewis DA: Laminar-Specific alterations in calbindin-positive boutons in the prefrontal cortex of subjects with Schizophrenia. Biol Psychiatry. 94:142–152. 2023. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Curley AA, Arion D, Volk DW, Asafu-Adjei JK, Sampson AR, Fish KN and Lewis DA: Cortical deficits of glutamic acid decarboxylase 67 expression in Schizophrenia: Clinical, protein, and cell type-specific features. Am J Psychiatry. 168:921–929. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Uematsu M, Hirai Y, Karube F, Ebihara S, Kato M, Abe K, Obata K, Yoshida S, Hirabayashi M, Yanagawa Y and Kawaguchi Y: Quantitative chemical composition of cortical GABAergic neurons revealed in transgenic venus-expressing rats. Cereb Cortex. 18:315–330. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Dienel SJ, Dowling KF, Barile Z, Bazmi HH, Liu A, Vespoli JC, Fish KN and Lewis DA: Diagnostic specificity and association with cognition of molecular alterations in prefrontal somatostatin neurons in Schizophrenia. JAMA Psychiatry. 80:1235–1245. 2023. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Scheper M, Sørensen FNF, Ruffolo G, Gaeta A, Lissner LJ, Anink JJ, Korshunova I, Jansen FE, Riney K, van Hecke W, et al: Impaired GABAergic regulation and developmental immaturity in interneurons derived from the medial ganglionic eminence in the tuberous sclerosis complex. Acta Neuropathol. 147:802024. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Rasband MN and Macklin WB: Myelin Structure and Biochemistry. Basic Neurochemistry. Elsevier; pp. 180–199. 2012, View Article : Google Scholar | |
Valdés-Tovar M, Rodríguez-Ramírez AM, Rodríguez-Cárdenas L, Sotelo-Ramírez CE, Camarena B, Sanabrais-Jiménez MA, Solís-Chagoyán H, Argueta J and López-Riquelme GO: Insights into myelin dysfunction in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. World J Psychiatry. 12:264–285. 2022. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Takahashi N, Sakurai T, Davis KL and Buxbaum JD: Linking oligodendrocyte and myelin dysfunction to neurocircuitry abnormalities in schizophrenia. Prog Neurobiol. 93:13–24. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Boiko AS, Mednova IA, Kornetova EG, Semke AV, Bokhan NA and Ivanova SA: Cell adhesion molecules in Schizophrenia patients with metabolic syndrome. Metabolites. 13:3762023. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Varden Gjerde K, Bartz-Johannessen C, Steen VM, Andreassen OA, Steen NE, Ueland T, Lekva T, Rettenbacher M, Joa I, Reitan SK, et al: Cellular adhesion molecules in drug-naïve and previously medicated patients with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders. Schizophr Res. 267:223–229. 2024. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Sheikh MA, O'Connell KS, Lekva T, Szabo A, Akkouh IA, Osete JR, Agartz I, Engh JA, Andreou D, Boye B, et al: Systemic cell adhesion molecules in severe mental Illness: Potential role of intercellular CAM-1 in linking peripheral and neuroinflammation. Biol Psychiatry. 93:187–196. 2023. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Vidal PP and Sans A: Vestibular System. The Rat Nervous System. Elsevier; pp. 965–996. 2004, View Article : Google Scholar | |
Brisch R, Saniotis A, Wolf R, Bielau H, Bernstein HG, Steiner J, Bogerts B, Braun K, Jankowski Z, Kumaratilake J, Henneberg M and Gos T: The role of dopamine in Schizophrenia from a neurobiological and evolutionary perspective: Old fashioned, but still in vogue. Front Psychiatry. 5:472014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Blaess S, Stott SRW and Ang SL: The generation of midbrain dopaminergic neurons. Patterning and Cell Type Specification in the Developing CNS and PNS. Elsevier; pp. 369–398. 2020, View Article : Google Scholar | |
Gragnoli C, Reeves GM, Reazer J and Postolache TT: Dopamine-prolactin pathway potentially contributes to the schizophrenia and type 2 diabetes comorbidity. Transl Psychiatry. 6:e7852016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Goh KK, Chen CYA, Wu TH, Chen CH and Lu ML: Crosstalk between Schizophrenia and metabolic Syndrome: The role of oxytocinergic dysfunction. Int J Mol Sci. 23:70922022. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Yu H, Yan H, Li J, Li Z, Zhang X, Ma Y, Mei L, Liu C, Cai L, Wang Q, et al: Common variants on 2p16.1, 6p22.1 and 10q24.32 are associated with schizophrenia in Han Chinese population. Mol Psychiatry. 22:954–960. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Zhang P, Bian Y, Liu N, Tang Y, Pan C, Hu Y and Tang Z: The SNP rs1625579 in miR-137 gene and risk of schizophrenia in Chinese population: A meta-analysis. Compr Psychiatry. 67:26–32. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Boiko AS, Pozhidaev IV, Paderina DZ, Mednova IA, Goncharova AA, Fedorenko OY, Kornetova EG, Semke AV, Bokhan NA, Loonen AJM and Ivanova SA: Gene polymorphisms of hormonal regulators of metabolism in patients with Schizophrenia with metabolic syndrome. Genes (Basel). 13:8442022. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Brandl EJ, Frydrychowicz C, Tiwari AK, Lett TA, Kitzrow W, Büttner S, Ehrlich S, Meltzer HY, Lieberman JA, Kennedy JL, et al: Association study of polymorphisms in leptin and leptin receptor genes with antipsychotic-induced body weight gain. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 38:134–141. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Mulder H, Franke B, van der-Beek van der AA, Arends J, Wilmink FW, Scheffer H and Egberts AC: The association between HTR2C gene polymorphisms and the metabolic syndrome in patients with Schizophrenia. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 27:338–343. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Chen J, Wu J, Mize T, Shui D and Chen X: Prediction of Schizophrenia diagnosis by integration of genetically correlated conditions and traits. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol. 13:532–540. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Chen Y, Wang Y, Fang X, Zhang Y, Song L and Zhang C: Association of the HTR2C-759C/T polymorphism and antipsychotic-induced weight gain: A meta-analysis. Gen Psychiatr. 33:e1001922020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Sicard MN, Zai CC, Tiwari AK, Souza RP, Meltzer HY, Lieberman JA, Kennedy JL and Müller DJ: Polymorphisms of the HTR2C gene and antipsychotic-induced weight gain: An update and meta-analysis. Pharmacogenomics. 11:1561–1571. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Brummett BH, Babyak MA, Singh A, Hauser ER, Jiang R, Huffman KM, Kraus WE, Shah SH, Siegler IC and Williams RB: Lack of association of a functional polymorphism in the serotonin receptor gene with body mass index and depressive symptoms in a large meta-analysis of population based studies. Front Genet. 9:4232018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Sneller MH, de Boer N, Everaars S, Schuurmans M, Guloksuz S, Cahn W and Luykx JJ: Clinical, biochemical and genetic variables associated with metabolic syndrome in patients with Schizophrenia spectrum disorders using second-generation antipsychotics: A systematic review. Front Psychiatry. 12:6259352021. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Shams TA and Müller DJ: Antipsychotic induced weight gain: Genetics, epigenetics, and biomarkers reviewed. Curr Psychiatry Rep. 16:4732014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Wallace TJ, Zai CC, Brandl EJ and Müller DJ: Role of 5-HT(2C) receptor gene variants in antipsychotic-induced weight gain. Pharmgenomics Pers Med. 4:83–93. 2011.PubMed/NCBI | |
Bah J, Westberg L, Baghaei F, Henningsson S, Rosmond R, Melke J, Holm G and Eriksson E: Further exploration of the possible influence of polymorphisms in HTR2C and 5HTT on body weight. Metabolism. 59:1156–1163. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Klerk M, Verhoef P, Clarke R, Blom HJ, Kok FJ and Schouten EG; MTHFR Studies Collaboration Group, : MTHFR 677C→T polymorphism and risk of coronary heart disease: A mata analysis. JAMA. 288:2023–2031. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Lu ML, Ku WC, Syifa N, Hu SC, Chou CT, Wu YH, Kuo PH, Chen CH, Chen WJ and Wu TH: Developing a sensitive platform to measure 5-methyltetrahydrofolate in subjects with MTHFR and PON1 gene polymorphisms. Nutrients. 14:33202022. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
van Winkel R, Rutten BP, Peerbooms O, Peuskens J, van Os J and De Hert M: MTHFR and risk of metabolic syndrome in patients with Schizophrenia. Schizophr Res. 121:193–198. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Roffeei SN, Reynolds GP, Zainal NZ, Said MA, Hatim A, Aida SA and Mohamed Z: Association of ADRA2A and MTHFR gene polymorphisms with weight loss following antipsychotic switching to aripiprazole or ziprasidone. Hum Psychopharmacol. 29:38–45. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Roffeei SN, Mohamed Z, Reynolds GP, Said MA, Hatim A, Mohamed EH, Aida SA and Zainal NZ: Association of FTO, LEPR and MTHFR gene polymorphisms with metabolic syndrome in Schizophrenia patients receiving antipsychotics. Pharmacogenomics. 15:477–485. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Bathina S and Das UN: Brain-derived neurotrophic factor and its clinical implications. Arch Med Sci. 6:1164–1178. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Priya I, Sharma S, Sharma I, Mahajan R and Kapoor N: A review of potential candidate genes polymorphism responsible for schiz-ophrenia risk. Int J Sci Res Biol Sci. 5:186–195. 2019. | |
Ping J, Zhang J, Wan J, Huang C, Luo J, Du B and Jiang T: A polymorphism in the BDNF Gene (rs11030101) is associated with negative symptoms in Chinese Han patients with Schizophrenia. Front Genet. 13:8492272022. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Fu X, Wang J, Du J, Sun J, Baranova A and Zhang F: BDNF Gene's Role in Schizophrenia: From risk allele to methylation implications. Front Psychiatry. 11:5642772020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Vajagathali M and Ramakrishnan V: Genetic predisposition of BDNF (rs6265) gene is susceptible to Schizophrenia: A prospective study and updated meta-analysis. Neurología (Engl Ed). 39:361–371. 2024. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Ehrhart F, Silva A, Amelsvoort TV, von Scheibler E, Evelo C and Linden DEJ: Copy number variant risk loci for schizophrenia converge on the BDNF pathway. World J Biol Psychiatry. 25:222–232. 2024. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Bednarova A, Habalova V, Krivosova M, Marcatili M and Tkac I: Association study of BDNF, SLC6A4, and FTO genetic variants with Schizophrenia spectrum disorders. J Pers Med. 13:6582023. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Czerwensky F, Leucht S and Steimer W: Association of the common MC4R rs17782313 polymorphism with antipsychotic-related weight gain. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 33:74–79. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Heald A, Pendlebury J, Anderson S, Narayan V, Guy M, Gibson M, Haddad P and Livingston M: Lifestyle factors and the metabolic syndrome in Schizophrenia: A cross-sectional study. Ann Gen Psychiatry. 16:122017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Dipasquale S, Pariante CM, Dazzan P, Aguglia E, McGuire P and Mondelli V: The dietary pattern of patients with schizophrenia: A systematic review. J Psychiatr Res. 47:197–207. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Amani R: Is dietary pattern of schizophrenia patients different from healthy subjects? BMC Psychiatry. 7:152007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Aucoin M, LaChance L, Cooley K and Kidd S: Diet and psychosis: A scoping review. Neuropsychobiology. 79:20–42. 2020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Kelly C and McCreadie R: Cigarette smoking and schizophrenia. Adv Psychiatr Treat. 6:327–331. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar | |
Myles N, Newall HD, Curtis J, Nielssen O, Shiers D and Large M: Tobacco use before, at, and after first-episode psychosis: A systematic meta-analysis. J Clin Psychiatry. 73:468–475. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Breese CR, Lee MJ, Adams CE, Sullivan B, Logel J, Gillen KM, Marks MJ, Collins AC and Leonard S: Abnormal regulation of high affinity nicotinic receptors in subjects with Schizophrenia. Neuropsychopharmacology. 23:351–364. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Koskinen J, Löhönen J, Koponen H, Isohanni M and Miettunen J: Prevalence of alcohol use disorders in schizophrenia-a systematic review and meta-analysis. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 120:85–96. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Fatma F, Baati I, Omri S, Sallemi R and Masmoudi J: Medication adherence in schizophrenia. Eur Psychiatry. 33:S586. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar | |
Novick D, Haro JM, Suarez D, Perez V, Dittmann RW and Haddad PM: Predictors and clinical consequences of non-adherence with antipsychotic medication in the outpatient treatment of schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res. 176:109–113. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Mitchell AJ, Vancampfort D, De Herdt A, Yu W and De Hert M: Is the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and metabolic abnormalities increased in early Schizophrenia? A comparative meta-analysis of first episode, untreated and treated patients. Schizophr Bull. 39:295–305. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Szmulewicz AG, Angriman F, Pedroso FE, Vazquez C and Martino DJ: Long-Term antipsychotic use and major cardiovascular events: A Retrospective Cohort Study. J Clin Psychiatry. 78:e905–e912. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Foley DL and Morley KI: Systematic review of early cardiometabolic outcomes of the first treated episode of psychosis. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 68:609–616. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Templeman LA, Reynolds GP, Arranz B and San L: Polymorphisms of the 5-HT2C receptor and leptin genes are associated with antipsychotic drug-induced weight gain in Caucasian subjects with a first-episode psychosis. Pharmacogenet Genomics. 15:195–200. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Zhang ZJ, Yao ZJ, Liu W, Fang Q and Reynolds GP: Effects of antipsychotics on fat deposition and changes in leptin and insulin levels. Br J Psychiatry. 184:58–62. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Faulkner G, Cohn T, Remington G and Irving H: Body mass index, waist circumference and quality of life in individuals with schizophrenia☆. Schizophr Res. 90:174–178. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Lester H, Marshall M, Jones P, Fowler D, Amos T, Khan N and Birchwood M: Views of young people in early intervention services for first-episode psychosis in England. Psychiatr Serv. 62:882–887. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Weiden PJ, Mackell JA and McDonnell DD: Obesity as a risk factor for antipsychotic noncompliance. Schizophr Res. 66:51–57. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Chang SC, Goh KK and Lu ML: Metabolic disturbances associated with antipsychotic drug treatment in patients with schizophrenia: State-of-the-art and future perspectives. World J Psychiatry. 11:696–710. 2021. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Leucht S, Cipriani A, Spineli L, Mavridis D, Orey D, Richter F, Samara M, Barbui C, Engel RR, Geddes JR, et al: Comparative efficacy and tolerability of 15 antipsychotic drugs in schizophrenia: A multiple-treatments meta-analysis. Lancet. 382:951–962. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Cooper SJ, Reynolds GP; With expert co-authors (in alphabetical order), ; Barnes T, England E, Haddad PM, Heald A, Holt R, Lingford-Hughes A, Osborn D, et al: BAP guidelines on the management of weight gain, metabolic disturbances and cardiovascular risk associated with psychosis and antipsychotic drug treatment. J Psychopharmacol. 30:717–748. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Fonseka TM, Müller DJ and Kennedy SH: Inflammatory cytokines and antipsychotic-induced weight gain: Review and clinical implications. Mol Neuropsychiatry. 2:1–14. 2016.PubMed/NCBI | |
Newcomer JW: Antipsychotic medications: Metabolic and cardiovascular risk. J Clin Psychiatry. 68 (Suppl 4):8–13. 2007.PubMed/NCBI | |
Newcomer JW: Second-generation (atypical) antipsychotics and metabolic effects: A comprehensive literature review. CNS Drugs. 19 (Suppl 1):S1–S93. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar | |
Ballon JS, Pajvani U, Freyberg Z, Leibel RL and Lieberman JA: Molecular pathophysiology of metabolic effects of antipsychotic medications. Trends Endocrinol Metab. 25:593–600. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Carli M, Kolachalam S, Longoni B, Pintaudi A, Baldini M, Aringhieri S, Fasciani I, Annibale P, Maggio R and Scarselli M: Atypical antipsychotics and metabolic syndrome: From molecular mechanisms to clinical differences. Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 14:2382021. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Siafis S, Tzachanis D, Samara M and Papazisis G: Antipsychotic drugs: From receptor-binding profiles to metabolic side effects. Curr Neuropharmacol. 16:1210–1223. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Grajales D, Ferreira V and Valverde ÁM: Second-Generation antipsychotics and dysregulation of glucose metabolism: Beyond weight gain. Cells. 8:13362019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Lis M, Stańczykiewicz B, Liśkiewicz P and Misiak B: Impaired hormonal regulation of appetite in schizophrenia: A narrative review dissecting intrinsic mechanisms and the effects of antipsychotics. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 119:1047442020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Popovic V, Doknic M, Maric N, Pekic S, Damjanovic A, Miljic D, Popovic S, Miljic N, Djurovic M, Jasovic-Gasic M, et al: Changes in neuroendocrine and metabolic hormones induced by atypical antipsychotics in normal-weight patients with Schizophrenia. Neuroendocrinology. 85:249–256. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Venkatasubramanian G, Chittiprol S, Neelakantachar N, Shetty T and Gangadhar BN: Effect of antipsychotic treatment on Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 and cortisol in schizophrenia: A longitudinal study. Schizophr Res. 119:131–137. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Smith GC, Zhang ZY, Mulvey T, Petersen N, Lach S, Xiu P, Phillips A, Han W, Wang MW and Shepherd PR: Clozapine directly increases insulin and glucagon secretion from islets: Implications for impairment of glucose tolerance. Schizophr Res. 157:128–133. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Ebdrup BH, Knop FK, Madsen A, Mortensen HB, Søgaard B, Holst JJ, Szecsi PB and Lublin H: Glucometabolic hormones and cardiovascular risk markers in antipsychotic-treated patients. J Clin Psychiatry. 75:e899–e905. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Klemettilä JP, Solismaa A, Seppälä N, Hämäläinen M, Moilanen E, Leinonen E and Kampman O: Glucagon-like peptide-1 serum levels are associated with weight gain in patients treated with clozapine. Psychiatry Res. 306:1142272021. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Basoglu C, Oner O, Ates AM, Algul A, Semiz UB, Ebrinc S, Cetin M, Ozcan O and Ipcioglu OM: Association between symptom improvement and change of body mass index, lipid profile, and leptin, ghrelin, and cholecystokinin levels during 6-week olanzapine treatment in patients with first-episode psychosis. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 30:636–638. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
van der Zwaal EM, Merkestein M, Lam YK, Brans MA, Luijendijk MC, Bok LI, Verheij ER, la Fleur SE and Adan RA: The acute effects of olanzapine on ghrelin secretion, CCK sensitivity, meal size, locomotor activity and body temperature. Int J Obes (Lond). 36:254–261. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Wu TH, Chiu CC, Goh KK, Chen PY, Huang MC, Chen CH and Lu ML: Relationship between metabolic syndrome and acylated/desacylated ghrelin ratio in patients with schizophrenia under olanzapine medication. J Psychopharmacol. 34:86–92. 2020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Zhang Q, Deng C and Huang XF: The role of ghrelin signalling in second-generation antipsychotic-induced weight gain. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 38:2423–2438. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Goetz RL and Miller BJ: Meta-analysis of ghrelin alterations in schizophrenia: Effects of olanzapine. Schizophr Res. 206:21–26. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Bartoli F, Lax A, Crocamo C, Clerici M and Carrà G: Plasma adiponectin levels in schizophrenia and role of second-generation antipsychotics: A meta-analysis. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 56:179–189. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Kelesidis T, Kelesidis I, Sharon C and Mantzoros SC: Narrative review: The role of leptin in human physiology: Emerging clinical applications. Ann Intern Med. 152:93–100. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Petrikis P, Karampas A, Leondaritis G, Markozannes G, Archimandriti DT, Spyrou P, Georgiou G, Skapinakis P and Voulgari PV: Adiponectin, leptin and resistin levels in first-episode, drug-naïve patients with psychosis before and after short-term antipsychotic treatment. J Psychosom Res. 157:1107892022. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Obradovic M, Sudar-Milovanovic E, Soskic S, Essack M, Arya S, Stewart AJ, Gojobori T and Isenovic ER: Leptin and obesity: Role and clinical implication. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 12:5858872021. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Chen PY, Chang CK, Chen CH, Fang SC, Mondelli V, Chiu CC, Lu ML, Hwang LL and Huang MC: Orexin-a elevation in antipsychotic-treated compared to drug-free patients with schizophrenia: A medication effect independent of metabolic syndrome. J Formos Med Assoc. 121:2172–2181. 2022. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Basoglu C, Oner O, Gunes C, Semiz UB, Ates AM, Algul A, Ebrinc S, Cetin M, Ozcan O and Ipcioglu O: Plasma orexin A, ghrelin, cholecystokinin, visfatin, leptin and agouti-related protein levels during 6-week olanzapine treatment in first-episode male patients with psychosis. Int Clin Psychopharmacol. 25:165–171. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Zhu Y, Zhang C, Siafis S, Zhuo K, Zhu D, Wu H, Liu D, Jiang K, Wang J, Leucht S and Li C: Prolactin levels influenced by antipsychotic drugs in schizophrenia: A systematic review and network meta-analysis. Schizophr Res. 237:20–25. 2021. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Srisawat U, Reynolds GP, Zhang ZJ, Zhang XR, Arranz B, San L and Dalton CF: Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) 677C/T polymorphism is associated with antipsychotic-induced weight gain in first-episode schizophrenia. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol. 17:485–490. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Ellingrod VL, Miller DD, Taylor SF, Moline J, Holman T and Kerr J: Metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance in schizophrenia patients receiving antipsychotics genotyped for the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) 677C/T and 1298A/C variants. Schizophr Res. 98:47–54. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Cojocaru A, Braha A, Jeleriu R, Andreescu NI, Puiu M, Ageu L, Folescu R, Zamfir CL and Nussbaum LA: The implications of cytochrome P450 2D6/CYP2D6 polymorphism in the therapeutic response of atypical antipsychotics in adolescents with psychosis-A prospective study. Biomedicines. 12:4942024. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Bertilsson L, Dahl M, Dalén P and Al-Shurbaji A: Molecular genetics of CYP2D6: Clinical relevance with focus on psychotropic drugs. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 53:111–122. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Wannasuphoprasit Y, Andersen SE, Arranz MJ, Catalan R, Jurgens G, Kloosterboer SM, Rasmussen HB, Bhat A, Irizar H, Koller D, et al: CYP2D6 genetic variation and antipsychotic-induced weight gain: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Psychol. 12:7687482022. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Jürgens G, Kaas-Hansen BS, Nordentoft M, Werge T and Andersen SE: Is the CYP2D6 genotype associated with antipsychotic-induced weight gain? J Pers Med. 12:17282022. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Austin-Zimmerman I, Wronska M, Wang B, Irizar H, Thygesen JH, Bhat A, Denaxas S, Fatemifar G, Finan C, Harju-Seppänen J, et al: The Influence of CYP2D6 and CYP2C19 genetic variation on diabetes mellitus risk in people taking antidepressants and antipsychotics. Genes (Basel). 12:17582021. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Melkersson KI, Scordo MG, Gunes A and Dahl ML: Impact of CYP1A2 and CYP2D6 Polymorphisms on drug metabolism and on insulin and lipid elevations and insulin resistance in clozapine-treated patients. J Clin Psychiatry. 68:697–704. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Hasan A, Falkai P, Wobrock T, Lieberman J, Glenthoj B, Gattaz WF, Thibaut F and Möller HJ; WFSBP Task force on Treatment Guidelines for Schizophrenia, : World federation of societies of biological psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for biological treatment of Schizophrenia, Part 2: Update 2012 on the long-term treatment of schizophrenia and management of antipsychotic-induced side effects. World J Biol Psychiatry. 14:2–44. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Dombrowski SU, Avenell A and Sniehott FF: Behavioural interventions for obese adults with additional risk factors for morbidity: Systematic review of effects on behaviour, weight and disease risk factors. Obes Facts. 3:377–396. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Bruins J, Jörg F, Bruggeman R, Slooff C, Corpeleijn E and Pijnenborg M: The effects of lifestyle interventions on (Long-Term) weight management, cardiometabolic risk and depressive symptoms in people with psychotic disorders: A meta-analysis. PLoS One. 9:e1122762014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Caemmerer J, Correll CU and Maayan L: Acute and maintenance effects of non-pharmacologic interventions for antipsychotic associated weight gain and metabolic abnormalities: A meta-analytic comparison of randomized controlled trials. Schizophr Res. 140:159–168. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Bartels SJ, Pratt SI, Aschbrenner KA, Barre LK, Naslund JA, Wolfe R, Xie H, McHugo GJ, Jimenez DE, Jue K, et al: Pragmatic replication trial of health promotion coaching for obesity in serious mental illness and maintenance of outcomes. Am J Psychiatry. 172:344–352. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Daumit GL, Goldberg RW, Anthony C, Dickerson F, Brown CH, Kreyenbuhl J, Wohlheiter K and Dixon LB: Physical activity patterns in adults with severe mental illness. J Nerv Ment Dis. 193:641–646. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Cristiano VB, Szortyka MF and Belmonte-de-Abreu P: A controlled open clinical trial of the positive effect of a physical intervention on quality of life in schizophrenia. Front Psychiatry. 14:10665412023. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Álvarez-Jiménez M, González-Blanch C, Vázquez-Barquero JL, Pérez-Iglesias R, Martínez-García O, Pérez-Pardal T, Ramírez-Bonilla ML and Crespo-Facorro B: Attenuation of antipsychotic-induced weight gain with early behavioral intervention in drug-naive first-episode psychosis patients: A randomized controlled trial. J Clin Psychiatry. 67:1253–1260. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Curtis J, Watkins A, Rosenbaum S, Teasdale S, Kalucy M, Samaras K and Ward PB: Evaluating an individualized lifestyle and life skills intervention to prevent antipsychotic-induced weight gain in first-episode psychosis. Early Interv Psychiatry. 10:267–276. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Tang M, Zhao T, Liu T, Dang R, Cai H and Wang Y: Nutrition and schizophrenia: Associations worthy of continued revaluation. Nutr Neurosci. 27:528–546. 2024. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Adamowicz K, Mazur A, Mak M, Samochowiec J and Kucharska-Mazur J: Metabolic syndrome and cognitive functions in schizophrenia-implementation of dietary intervention. Front Psychiatry. 11:3592020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Włodarczyk A, Wiglusz MS and Cubała WJ: Ketogenic diet for schizophrenia: Nutritional approach to antipsychotic treatment. Med Hypotheses. 118:74–77. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Hassan N, Dumlao N, Tran K and Zamiri A: Improving quality of life with nutritional supplementation in Schizophrenia: A literature review. Eur Psychiatry. 65 (Suppl 1):S5952022. View Article : Google Scholar | |
Fernández-Abascal B, Suarez-Pinilla M, Cobo-Corrales C, Crespo-Facorro B and Suárez-Pinilla P: Lifestyle intervention on psychotherapy and exercise and their effect on physical and psychological health in outpatients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. A pragmatic clinical trial. Eur Psychiatry. 65 (Suppl 1):S130–S131. 2022. View Article : Google Scholar | |
Agarwal SM, Panda R, Costa-Dookhan KA, MacKenzie NE, Treen QC, Caravaggio F, Hashim E, Leung G, Kirpalani A, Matheson K, et al: Metformin for early comorbid glucose dysregulation and schizophrenia spectrum disorders: A pilot double-blind randomized clinical trial. Transl Psychiatry. 11:2192021. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Jarskog LF, Hamer RM, Catellier DJ, Stewart DD, Lavange L, Ray N, Golden LH, Lieberman JA and Stroup TS; METS Investigators, : Metformin for weight loss and metabolic control in overweight outpatients with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder. Am J Psychiatry. 170:1032–1040. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
de Silva VA, Suraweera C, Ratnatunga SS, Dayabandara M, Wanniarachchi N and Hanwella R: Metformin in prevention and treatment of antipsychotic induced weight gain: A systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Psychiatry. 16:3412016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Wu RR, Zhang FY, Gao KM, Ou JJ, Shao P, Jin H, Guo WB, Chan PK and Zhao JP: Metformin treatment of antipsychotic-induced dyslipidemia: An analysis of two randomized, placebo-controlled trials. Mol Psychiatry. 21:1537–1544. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Battini V, Cirnigliaro G, Leuzzi R, Rissotto E, Mosini G, Benatti B, Pozzi M, Nobile M, Radice S, Carnovale C, et al: The potential effect of metformin on cognitive and other symptom dimensions in patients with schizophrenia and antipsychotic-induced weight gain: A systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression. Front Psychiatry. 14:12158072023. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Rena G, Hardie DG and Pearson ER: The mechanisms of action of metformin. Diabetologia. 60:1577–1585. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Bu Y, Peng M, Tang X, Xu X, Wu Y, Chen AF and Yang X: Protective effects of metformin in various cardiovascular diseases: Clinical evidence and AMPK-dependent mechanisms. J Cell Mol Med. 26:4886–4903. 2022. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Shah M and Vella A: Effects of GLP-1 on appetite and weight. Rev Endocr Metab Disord. 15:181–187. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Müller TD, Finan B, Bloom SR, D'Alessio D, Drucker DJ, Flatt PR, Fritsche A, Gribble F, Grill HJ, Habener JF, et al: Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1). Mol Metab. 30:72–130. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Sattar N, Lee MMY, Kristensen SL, Branch KRH, Del Prato S, Khurmi NS, Lam CSP, Lopes RD, McMurray JJV, Pratley RE, et al: Cardiovascular, mortality, and kidney outcomes with GLP-1 receptor agonists in patients with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised trials. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 9:653–662. 2021. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Medak KD, Shamshoum H, Peppler WT and Wright DC: GLP1 receptor agonism protects against acute olanzapine-induced hyperglycemia. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 319:E1101–E1111. 2020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Larsen JR, Vedtofte L, Jakobsen MSL, Jespersen HR, Jakobsen MI, Svensson CK, Koyuncu K, Schjerning O, Oturai PS, Kjaer A, et al: Effect of liraglutide treatment on prediabetes and overweight or obesity in clozapine- or olanzapine-treated patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorder. JAMA Psychiatry. 74:719–728. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Siskind DJ, Russell AW, Gamble C, Winckel K, Mayfield K, Hollingworth S, Hickman I, Siskind V and Kisely S: Treatment of clozapine-associated obesity and diabetes with exenatide in adults with schizophrenia: A randomized controlled trial (CODEX). Diabetes Obes Metab. 20:1050–1055. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Babic I, Gorak A, Engel M, Sellers D, Else P, Osborne AL, Pai N, Huang XF, Nealon J and Weston-Green K: Liraglutide prevents metabolic side-effects and improves recognition and working memory during antipsychotic treatment in rats. J Psychopharmacol. 32:578–590. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Lykkegaard K, Larsen PJ, Vrang N, Bock C, Bock T and Knudsen LB: The once-daily human GLP-1 analog, liraglutide, reduces olanzapine-induced weight gain and glucose intolerance. Schizophr Res. 103:94–103. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Whicher CA, Price HC, Phiri P, Rathod S, Barnard-Kelly K, Ngianga K, Thorne K, Asher C, Peveler RC, McCarthy J and Holt RIG: The use of liraglutide 3.0 mg daily in the management of overweight and obesity in people with schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder and first episode psychosis: Results of a pilot randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Diabetes Obes Metab. 23:1262–1271. 2021. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Perlis LT, Lamberti JS and Miedlich SU: Glucagon-like peptide analogs are superior for diabetes and weight control in patients on antipsychotic medications. Prim Care Companion CNS Disord. 22:19m025042020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Lee SE, Lee NY, Kim SH, Kim KA and Kim YS: Effect of liraglutide 3.0mg treatment on weight reduction in obese antipsychotic-treated patients. Psychiatry Res. 299:1138302021. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Siskind D, Russell A, Gamble C, Baker A, Cosgrove P, Burton L and Kisely S: Metabolic measures 12 months after a randomised controlled trial of treatment of clozapine associated obesity and diabetes with exenatide (CODEX). J Psychiatr Res. 124:9–12. 2020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Khaity A, Mostafa Al-dardery N, Albakri K, Abdelwahab OA, Hefnawy MT, Yousef YAS, Taha RE, Swed S, Hafez W, Hurlemann R and Elsayed MEG: Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor-agonists treatment for cardio-metabolic parameters in schizophrenia patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Psychiatry. 14:11536482023. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Ishøy PL, Knop FK, Vilsbøll T, Glenthøj BY and Ebdrup BH: Sustained weight loss after treatment with a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist in an obese patient with schizophrenia and type 2 diabetes. Am J Psychiatry. 170:681–682. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Siskind D, Wysoczanski D, Russell A and Ashford M: Weight loss associated with exenatide in an obese man with diabetes commenced on clozapine. Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 50:702–703. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Mayfield K, Siskind D, Winckel K, Russell AW, Kisely S, Smith G and Hollingworth S: Glucagon-like peptide-1 agonists combating clozapine-associated obesity and diabetes. J Psychopharmacol. 30:227–236. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
del Olmo-Garcia MI and Merino-Torres JF: GLP-1 receptor agonists and cardiovascular disease in patients with type 2 diabetes. J Diabetes Res. 2018:40204922018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Nauck MA, Meier JJ, Cavender MA, Abd El Aziz M and Drucker DJ: Cardiovascular actions and clinical outcomes with glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors. Circulation. 136:849–870. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Pelle MC, Zaffina I, Giofrè F, Pujia R and Arturi F: Potential role of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in the treatment of cognitive decline and dementia in diabetes mellitus. Int J Mol Sci. 24:113012023. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Lewitt MS and Boyd GW: Role of the insulin-like growth factor system in neurodegenerative disease. Int J Mol Sci. 25:45122024. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Yaribeygi H, Rashidy-Pour A, Atkin SL, Jamialahmadi T and Sahebkar A: GLP-1 mimetics and cognition. Life Sci. 264:1186452021. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Flintoff J, Kesby JP, Siskind D and Burne TH: Treating cognitive impairment in schizophrenia with GLP-1RAs: An overview of their therapeutic potential. Expert Opin Investig Drugs. 30:877–891. 2021. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Svensson CK, Larsen JR, Vedtofte L, Jakobsen MSL, Jespersen HR, Jakobsen MI, Koyuncu K, Schjerning O, Nielsen J, Ekstrøm CT, et al: One-year follow-up on liraglutide treatment for prediabetes and overweight/obesity in clozapine- or olanzapine-treated patients. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 139:26–36. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Ganeshalingam AA, Uhrenholt NG, Arnfred S, Gæde PH, Bilenberg N and Frystyk J: home-based intervention with semaglutide treatment of neuroleptic-related prediabetes (HISTORI): Protocol describing a prospective, randomised, placebo controlled and double-blinded multicentre trial. BMJ Open. 14:e0771732024. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Siskind D, Baker A, Russell A, Warren N, Robinson G, Parker S, Medland S, Kisely S, Hager T and Arnautovska U: Effects of semaglutide on body weight in clozapine-treated people with schizophrenia and obesity: Study protocol for a placebo-controlled, randomised multicentre trial (COaST). BJPsych Open. 9:e1362023. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Sass MR, Danielsen AA, Köhler-Forsberg O, Storgaard H, Knop FK, Nielsen MØ, Sjödin AM, Mors O, Correll CU, Ekstrøm C, et al: Effect of the GLP-1 receptor agonist semaglutide on metabolic disturbances in clozapine-treated or olanzapine-treated patients with a schizophrenia spectrum disorder: Study protocol of a placebo-controlled, randomised clinical trial (SemaPsychiatry). BMJ Open. 13:e0686522023. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Chao EC: SGLT-2 inhibitors: A new mechanism for glycemic control. Clin Diabetes. 32:4–11. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Salvatore T, Galiero R, Caturano A, Rinaldi L, Di Martino A, Albanese G, Di Salvo J, Epifani R, Marfella R, Docimo G, et al: An overview of the cardiorenal protective mechanisms of SGLT2 inhibitors. Int J Mol Sci. 23:36512022. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Vasiliu O: Impact of SGLT2 inhibitors on metabolic status in patients with psychiatric disorders undergoing treatment with second-generation antipsychotics (Review). Exp Ther Med. 25:1252023. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Ashraf GM, Alghamdi BS, Alshehri FS, Alam MZ, Tayeb HO and Tarazi FI: Empagliflozin effectively attenuates olanzapine-induced body weight gain in female wistar rats. Front Pharmacol. 12:5787162021. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Cernea S, Dima L, Correll CU and Manu P: Pharmacological management of glucose dysregulation in patients treated with second-generation antipsychotics. Drugs. 80:1763–1781. 2020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Lally J, O' Loughlin A, Stubbs B, Guerandel A, O'Shea D and Gaughran F: Pharmacological management of diabetes in severe mental illness: A comprehensive clinical review of efficacy, safety and tolerability. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol. 11:411–424. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Barbosa M and Fernandes V: Rapid-onset clozapine-induced hyperglycaemia: pathways of glycaemic dysregulation. BMJ Case Rep. 14:e2439382021. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
National Library of Medicine, . Empagliflozin Addition in Modulating Metabolic Disturbances Associated With Olanzapine in Schizophrenia Patients. Clinicaltrials.gov. https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05669742October 5–2024 | |
Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, . Effect of Sodium Glucose Co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor on reducing atypical antipsychotics-induced weight gain in schizophrenia spectrum disorder - A Randomized Controlled Trial. https://www.cochranelibrary.com/central/doi/10.1002/central/CN-02750108/full?highlightAbstract=inhibitors%7Cschizophreni%7Cschizophrenia%7Cinhibitor%7C*sglt2October 5–2024 | |
Quinn CE, Hamilton PK, Lockhart CJ and McVeigh GE: Thiazolidinediones: Effects on insulin resistance and the cardiovascular system. Br J Pharmacol. 153:636–645. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Smith RC, Jin H, Li C, Bark N, Shekhar A, Dwivedi S, Mortiere C, Lohr J, Hu Q and Davis JM: Effects of pioglitazone on metabolic abnormalities, psychopathology, and cognitive function in schizophrenic patients treated with antipsychotic medication: A randomized double-blind study. Schizophr Res. 143:18–24. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Edlinger M, Ebenbichler C, Rettenbacher M and Fleischhacker WW: Treatment of antipsychotic-associated hyperglycemia with pioglitazone. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 27:403–404. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Iranpour N, Zandifar A, Farokhnia M, Goguol A, Yekehtaz H, Khodaie-Ardakani MR, Salehi B, Esalatmanesh S, Zeionoddini A, Mohammadinejad P, et al: The effects of pioglitazone adjuvant therapy on negative symptoms of patients with chronic schizophrenia: A double-blind and placebo-controlled trial. Hum Psychopharmacol. 31:103–112. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Yi Z, Fan X, Wang J, Liu D, Freudenreich O, Goff D and Henderson DC: Rosiglitazone and cognitive function in clozapine-treated patients with schizophrenia: A pilot study. Psychiatry Res. 200:79–82. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Henderson DC, Fan X, Sharma B, Copeland PM, Borba CP, Boxill R, Freudenreich O, Cather C, Eden Evins A and Goff DC: A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of rosiglitazone for clozapine-induced glucose metabolism impairment in patients with Schizophrenia. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 119:457–465. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Baptista T, Rangel N, El Fakih Y, Uzcátegui E, Galeazzi T, Beaulieu S and Araujo de Baptista E: Rosiglitazone in the assistance of metabolic control during olanzapine administration in Schizophrenia: A pilot double-blind, placebo-controlled, 12-week trial. Pharmacopsychiatry. 42:14–19. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Wallach JD, Wang K, Zhang AD, Cheng D, Grossetta Nardini HK, Lin H, Bracken MB, Desai M, Krumholz HM and Ross JS: Updating insights into rosiglitazone and cardiovascular risk through shared data: Individual patient and summary level meta-analyses. BMJ. 368:l70782020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Agarwal SM and Stogios N: Cardiovascular health in severe mental illness: Potential role for metformin. J Clin Psychiatry. 83:22ac144192022. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Liao X, Ye H and Si T: A review of switching strategies for patients with schizophrenia comorbid with metabolic syndrome or metabolic abnormalities. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 17:453–469. 2021. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Mukundan A, Faulkner G, Cohn T and Remington G: Antipsychotic switching for people with schizophrenia who have neuroleptic-induced weight or metabolic problems. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2010:CD0066292010.PubMed/NCBI | |
Henderson DC, Kunkel L, Nguyen DD, Borba CP, Daley TB, Louie PM, Freudenreich O, Cather C, Evins AE and Goff DC: An exploratory open-label trial of aripiprazole as an adjuvant to clozapine therapy in chronic schizophrenia. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 113:142–147. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Fleischhacker WW, Heikkinen ME, Olié JP, Landsberg W, Dewaele P, McQuade RD, Loze JY, Hennicken D and Kerselaers W: Effects of adjunctive treatment with aripiprazole on body weight and clinical efficacy in schizophrenia patients treated with clozapine: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol. 13:1115–1125. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Henderson DC, Fan X, Copeland PM, Sharma B, Borba CP, Boxill R, Freudenreich O, Cather C, Evins AE and Goff DC: Aripiprazole added to overweight and obese olanzapine-treated schizophrenia patients. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 29:165–169. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Mizuno Y, Suzuki T, Nakagawa A, Yoshida K, Mimura M, Fleischhacker WW and Uchida H: Pharmacological strategies to counteract antipsychotic-induced weight gain and metabolic adverse effects in schizophrenia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Schizophr Bull. 40:1385–1403. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Fan X, Borba CP, Copeland P, Hayden D, Freudenreich O, Goff DC and Henderson DC: Metabolic effects of adjunctive aripiprazole in clozapine-treated patients with schizophrenia. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 127:217–226. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
El Hayek SA, Shatila MA, Adnan JA, Geagea LE, Kobeissy F and Talih FR: Is there a therapeutic potential in combining bupropion and naltrexone in schizophrenia? Expert Rev Neurother. 22:737–749. 2022. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Lyu X, Du J, Zhan G, Wu Y, Su H, Zhu Y, Jarskog F, Zhao M and Fan X: Naltrexone and bupropion combination treatment for smoking cessation and weight loss in patients with schizophrenia. Front Pharmacol. 9:1812018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Naguy A and Badr BHM: Bupropion-myth-busting! CNS Spectr. 27:545–546. 2022. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Kumar S, Kodela S, Detweiler JG, Kim KY and Detweiler MB: Bupropion-induced psychosis: Folklore or a fact? A systematic review of the literature. Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 33:612–617. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Grover S and Das PP: Can bupropion unmask psychosis. Indian J Psychiatry. 51:53–54. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Wang TS, Shiah IS, Yeh CB and Chang CC: Acute psychosis following sustained release bupropion overdose. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 29:149–151. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Deberdt W, Winokur A, Cavazzoni PA, rzaskoma QN, Carlson CD, Bymaster FP, Wiener K, Floris M and Breier A: Amantadine for weight gain associated with olanzapine treatment. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 15:13–21. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Graham KA, Gu H, Lieberman JA, Harp JB and Perkins DO: Double-Blind, placebo-controlled investigation of amantadine for weight loss in subjects who gained weight with olanzapine. Am J Psychiatry. 162:1744–1746. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Xu WJ, Wei N, Xu Y and Hu SH: Does amantadine induce acute psychosis? A case report and literature review. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 12:781–783. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Raskind MA, Burke BL, Crites NJ, Tapp AM and Rasmussen DD: Olanzapine-induced weight gain and increased visceral adiposity is blocked by melatonin replacement therapy in rats. Neuropsychopharmacology. 32:284–288. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Romo-Nava F, Alvarez-Icaza González D, Fresán-Orellana A, Saracco Alvarez R, Becerra-Palars C, Moreno J, Ontiveros Uribe MP, Berlanga C, Heinze G and Buijs RM: Melatonin attenuates antipsychotic metabolic effects: an eight-week randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Bipolar Disord. 16:410–421. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Modabbernia A, Heidari P, Soleimani R, Sobhani A, Roshan ZA, Taslimi S, Ashrafi M and Modabbernia MJ: Melatonin for prevention of metabolic side-effects of olanzapine in patients with first-episode schizophrenia: Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study. J Psychiatr Res. 53:133–140. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Padwal R, Kezouh A, Levine M and Etminan M: Long-term persistence with orlistat and sibutramine in a population-based cohort. Int J Obes (Lond). 31:1567–1570. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Tchoukhine E, Takala P, Hakko H, Raidma M, Putkonen H, Räsänen P, Terevnikov V, Stenberg JH, Eronen M and Joffe G: Orlistat in clozapine- or olanzapine-treated patients with overweight or obesity: A 16-week open-label extension phase and both phases of a randomized controlled trial. J Clin Psychiatry. 72:326–330. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Kramer CK, Leitão CB, Pinto LC, Canani LH, Azevedo MJ and Gross JL: Efficacy and safety of topiramate on weight loss: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Obes Rev. 12:e338–47. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Thompson PJ, Baxendale SA, Duncan JS and Sander JW: Effects of topiramate on cognitive function. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 69:636–641. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Loring DW, Williamson DJ, Meador KJ, Wiegand F and Hulihan J: Topiramate dose effects on cognition: A randomized double-blind study. Neurology. 76:131–137. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Poyurovsky M, Isaacs I, Fuchs C, Schneidman M, Faragian S, Weizman R and Weizman A: Attenuation of olanzapine-induced weight gain with reboxetine in patients with schizophrenia: A double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Am J Psychiatry. 160:297–302. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Poyurovsky M, Fuchs C, Pashinian A, Levi A, Faragian S, Maayan R and Gil-Ad I: Attenuating effect of reboxetine on appetite and weight gain in olanzapine-treated schizophrenia patients: A double-blind placebo-controlled study. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 192:441–448. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Ghanizadeh A, Nikseresht MS and Sahraian A: The effect of zonisamide on antipsychotic-associated weight gain in patients with schizophrenia: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Schizophr Res. 147:110–115. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Hamoui N, Kingsbury S, Anthone GJ and Crookes PF: Surgical treatment of morbid obesity in schizophrenic patients. Obes Surg. 14:349–352. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Fuchs HF, Laughter V, Harnsberger CR, Broderick RC, Berducci M, DuCoin C, Langert J, Sandler BJ, Jacobsen GR, Perry W and Horgan S: Patients with psychiatric comorbidity can safely undergo bariatric surgery with equivalent success. Surg Endosc. 30:251–258. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Shelby SR, Labott S and Stout RA: Bariatric surgery: A viable treatment option for patients with severe mental illness. Surg Obes Relat Dis. 11:1342–1348. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Ahmed AT, Warton EM, Schaefer CA, Shen L and McIntyre RS: The effect of bariatric surgery on psychiatric course among patients with bipolar disorder. Bipolar Disord. 15:753–763. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
D'Arcey J, Torous J, Asuncion TR, Tackaberry-Giddens L, Zahid A, Ishak M, Foussias G and Kidd S: Leveraging personal technologies in the treatment of schizophrenia spectrum disorders: Scoping review. JMIR Ment Health. 11:e571502024. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI |