Effects of dexmedetomidine and ketorolac applied for patient‑controlled analgesia on the balance of Th1/Th2 and level of VEGF in patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery for cervical cancer: A randomized controlled trial

Ao,Li; Shi,Jinlin; Gan,Jianhui; Yu,Wenli; Du,Hongyin

doi:10.3892/ol.2024.14512

Effects of dexmedetomidine and ketorolac applied for patient‑controlled analgesia on the balance of Th1/Th2 and level of VEGF in patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery for cervical cancer: A randomized controlled trial

Authors:
- Li Ao
- Jinlin Shi
- Jianhui Gan
- Wenli Yu
- Hongyin Du
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Affiliations: Department of Anesthesiology, The First Central Clinical School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300192, P.R. China, Department of Anesthesiology, Tangshan People's Hospital and Tangshan Cancer Hospital, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, P.R. China, Department of Anesthesiology, Tangshan People's Hospital and Tangshan Cancer Hospital, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, P.R. China, Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin 300192, P.R. China, Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin 300192, P.R. China
Published online on: June 17, 2024 https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2024.14512
Article Number: 379
Copyright: © Ao et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.

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Abstract

The aim of the present study was to explore the effects of dexmedetomidine (DEX) combined with ketorolac on postoperative patient‑controlled analgesia (PCA), the balance of Th1/Th2 and the level of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in patients with cervical cancer following laparoscopic radical surgery. A total of 70 women with cervical cancer undergoing laparoscopic radical hysterectomy were enrolled in the study to randomly receive postoperative dexmedetomidine combined with ketorolac analgesia (DK group) and postoperative sufentanil analgesia (SUF group). The primary outcomes were the serum levels of interleukin‑4 (IL‑4), interferon‑γ (IFN‑γ) and VEGF, and the IFN‑γ/IL‑4 ratio 30 min before induction (T₀), and 24 and 48 h after surgery. Secondary outcomes included numerical rating scale scores at 0 h (T₀), 4 h (T₁), 12 h (T₂), 24 h (T₃) and 48 h (T₄) postoperatively, cumulative times of rescue analgesia, as well as the incidence of postoperative side effects within 48 h from surgery. Patients in the DK group reported similar analgesic effects as patients in the SUF group at T2, T3 and T4, and the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting was significantly lower in the DK group. In the DK group, the serum concentration of IFN‑γ and IFN‑γ/IL‑4 ratio at 24 and 48 h after surgery were higher compared with those in the SUF group. Conversely, the serum concentrations of IL‑4 at 24 h after surgery and VEGF at 24 and 48 h after surgery were significantly lower. The results indicated that the combination of DEX and ketorolac for PCA significantly improved postoperative pain and decreased the serum level of VEGF, which are associated with tumor angiogenesis. In addition, it maintained the homeostasis of postoperative immune dysfunction of patients with cervical cancer by shifting the balance between type 1 T helper cells and type 2 T helper cell (Th1/Th2 balance) to Th1 (registration no. ChiCTR1900027979; December 7, 2019).

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