
Recent advancements in therapeutic biomarkers, associated challenges and considerations to overcome these challenges in prostate cancer (Review)
- Authors:
- Lithip Gandupalli
- Doulat Bhowmik
- Charmi Jyotishi
- Reeshu Gupta
-
Affiliations: Parul Institute of Applied Sciences, Parul University, Vadodara, Gujarat 391760, India - Published online on: January 14, 2025 https://doi.org/10.3892/wasj.2025.313
- Article Number: 25
-
Copyright : © Gandupalli et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License [CC BY 4.0].
This article is mentioned in:
Abstract
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
Bray F, Laversanne M, Sung H, Ferlay J, Siegel RL, Soerjomataram I and Jemal A: Global cancer statistics 2022: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin. 74:229–263. 2024.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Ng KL: The Etiology of Prostate Cancer. In: Prostate Cancer. Bott SRJ and Ng KL (eds). Exon Publications, Brisbane, Queensland, 2021. | |
Sekhoacha M, Riet K, Motloung P, Gumenku L, Adegoke A and Mashele S: Prostate cancer review: Genetics, diagnosis, treatment options, and alternative approaches. Molecules. 27(5730)2022.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Adamaki M and Zoumpourlis V: Prostate cancer biomarkers: From diagnosis to prognosis and precision-guided therapeutics. Pharmacol Ther. 228(107932)2021.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Cai C, Chen S, Ng P, Bubley GJ, Nelson PS, Mostaghel EA, Marck B, Matsumoto AM, Simon NI, Wang H, et al: Intratumoral de novo steroid synthesis activates androgen receptor in castration-resistant prostate cancer and is upregulated by treatment with CYP17A1 inhibitors. Cancer Res. 71:6503–6513. 2011.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Hellmis E, Schwentner C, Mandel P, Banek S, Gleissner J and Bogemann M: Apalutamide in patients with high-risk M0CRPC: Data from the pivotal SPARTAN study and initial experience from a compassionate use program. Aktuelle Urol. 54:140–147. 2023.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar : (In German). | |
Rajaram P, Rivera A, Muthima K, Olveda N, Muchalski H and Chen QH: Second-generation androgen receptor antagonists as hormonal therapeutics for three forms of prostate cancer. Molecules. 25(2448)2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Shen J, Chowdhury S, Agarwal N, Karsh LI, Oudard S, Gartrell BA, Feyerabend S, Saad F, Pieczonka CM, Chi KN, et al: Apalutamide efficacy, safety and wellbeing in older patients with advanced prostate cancer from Phase 3 randomised clinical studies TITAN and SPARTAN. Br J Cancer. 130:73–81. 2024.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Ruiz de Porras V, Font A and Aytes A: Chemotherapy in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer: Current scenario and future perspectives. Cancer Lett. 523:162–169. 2021.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Scher HI, Lu D, Schreiber NA, Louw J, Graf RP, Vargas HA, Johnson A, Jendrisak A, Bambury R, Danila D, et al: Association of AR-V7 on circulating tumor cells as a treatment-specific biomarker with outcomes and survival in castration-resistant prostate cancer. JAMA Oncol. 2:1441–1449. 2016.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Deluce JE, Cardenas L, Lalani AK, Maleki Vareki S and Fernandes R: Emerging Biomarker-guided therapies in prostate cancer. Curr Oncol. 29:5054–5076. 2022.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Asif S and Teply BA: Biomarkers for treatment response in advanced prostate cancer. Cancers (Basel). 13(5723)2021.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Singh P, Patel M, Bhowmik D, Kumari N, Prajapati KS and Gupta R: Identification of common biomarkers affecting patient survival in cancers. World Acad Sci. 6:1–12. 2024. | |
Patel M, Singh P, Gandupalli L and Reeshu G: Identification and evaluation of Survival-associated common chemoresistant genes in cancer. Biomed Biotechnol Res J. 8:320–327. 2024. | |
Chen JY, Wang PY, Liu MZ, Lyu F, Ma MW, Ren XY and Gao XS: Biomarkers for prostate cancer: From diagnosis to treatment. Diagnostics (Basel). 13(3350)2023.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Pires FR, Sagarra R, Corrêa ME, Pereira CM, Vargas PA and Lopes MA: Oral metastasis of a hepatocellular carcinoma. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 97:359–368. 2004.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Sobhani N, Neeli PK, D'Angelo A, Pittacolo M, Sirico M, Galli IC, Roviello G and Nesi G: AR-V7 in metastatic prostate cancer: A strategy beyond redemption. Int J Mol Sci. 22(5515)2021.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Hu R, Dunn TA, Wei S, Isharwal S, Veltri RW, Humphreys E, Han M, Partin AW, Vessella RL, Isaacs WB, et al: Ligand-independent androgen receptor variants derived from splicing of cryptic exons signify hormone-refractory prostate cancer. Cancer Res. 69:16–22. 2009.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Katleba KD, Ghosh PM and Mudryj M: Beyond prostate cancer: An androgen receptor splice variant expression in multiple malignancies, non-cancer pathologies, and development. Biomedicines. 11(2215)2023.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Ferguson DC, Mata DA, Tay TK, Traina TA, Gucalp A, Chandarlapaty S, D'Alfonso TM, Brogi E, Mullaney K, Ladanyi M, et al: Androgen receptor splice variant-7 in breast cancer: Clinical and pathologic correlations. Mod Pathol. 35:396–402. 2022.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Lieberman AP and Robins DM: The androgen receptor's CAG/glutamine tract in mouse models of neurological disease and cancer. J Alzheimers Dis. 14:247–255. 2008.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Dauki AM, Blachly JS, Kautto EA, Ezzat S, Abdel-Rahman MH and Coss CC: Transcriptionally active androgen receptor splice variants promote hepatocellular carcinoma progression. Cancer Res. 80:561–575. 2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Sharp A, Coleman I, Yuan W, Sprenger C, Dolling D, Rodrigues DN, Russo JW, Figueiredo I, Bertan C, Seed G, et al: Androgen receptor splice variant-7 expression emerges with castration resistance in prostate cancer. J Clin Invest. 129:192–208. 2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Watson PA, Chen YF, Balbas MD, Wongvipat J, Socci ND, Viale A, Kim K and Sawyers CL: Constitutively active androgen receptor splice variants expressed in castration-resistant prostate cancer require full-length androgen receptor. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 107:16759–16765. 2010.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Wang Z, Shen H, Liang Z, Mao Y, Wang C and Xie L: The characteristics of androgen receptor splice variant 7 in the treatment of hormonal sensitive prostate cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Cancer Cell Int. 20(149)2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
König P, Eckstein M, Jung R, Abdulrahman A, Guzman J, Weigelt K, Serrero G, Hayashi J, Geppert C, Stöhr R, et al: Expression of AR-V7 (androgen receptor variant 7) protein in granular cytoplasmic structures is an independent prognostic factor in prostate cancer patients. Cancers (Basel). 12(2639)2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Hu R, Lu C, Mostaghel EA, Yegnasubramanian S, Gurel M, Tannahill C, Edwards J, Isaacs WB, Nelson PS, Bluemn E, et al: Distinct transcriptional programs mediated by the ligand-dependent full-length androgen receptor and its splice variants in castration-resistant prostate cancer. Cancer Res. 72:3457–3462. 2012.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Bevan CL, Hoare S, Claessens F, Heery DM and Parker MG: The AF1 and AF2 domains of the androgen receptor interact with distinct regions of SRC1. Mol Cell Biol. 19:8383–8392. 1999.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Chen Z, Wu D, Thomas-Ahner JM, Lu C, Zhao P, Zhang Q, Geraghty C, Yan PS, Hankey W, Sunkel B, et al: Diverse AR-V7 cistromes in castration-resistant prostate cancer are governed by HoxB13. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 115:6810–6815. 2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Dai C, Dehm SM and Sharifi N: Targeting the androgen signaling axis in prostate cancer. J Clin Oncol. 41:4267–4278. 2023.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Mostaghel EA: Alternative acts: Oncogenic splicing of steroidogenic enzymes in prostate cancer. Clin Cancer Res. 25:1139–1141. 2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Henzler C, Li Y, Yang R, McBride T, Ho Y, Sprenger C, Liu G, Coleman I, Lakely B, Li R, et al: Truncation and constitutive activation of the androgen receptor by diverse genomic rearrangements in prostate cancer. Nat Commun. 7(13668)2016.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Zhang T, Karsh LI, Nissenblatt MJ and Canfield SE: Androgen receptor splice variant, AR-V7, as a biomarker of resistance to androgen Axis-targeted therapies in advanced prostate cancer. Clin Genitourin Cancer. 18:1–10. 2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Liu C, Armstrong CM, Lou W, Lombard AP, Cucchiara V, Gu X, Yang JC, Nadiminty N, Pan CX, Evans CP, et al: Niclosamide and bicalutamide combination treatment overcomes Enzalutamide- and bicalutamide-resistant prostate cancer. Mol Cancer Ther. 16:1521–1530. 2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Antonarakis ES, Lu C, Luber B, Wang H, Chen Y, Nakazawa M, Nadal R, Paller CJ, Denmeade SR, Carducci MA, et al: Androgen receptor splice variant 7 and efficacy of taxane chemotherapy in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. JAMA Oncol. 1:582–591. 2015.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Antonarakis ES, Lu C, Luber B, Wang H, Chen Y, Zhu Y, ilberstein JL, Taylor MN, Maughan BL, Denmeade SR, et al: Clinical significance of androgen receptor splice variant-7 mRNA detection in circulating tumor cells of men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer treated with First- and Second-line abiraterone and enzalutamide. J Clin Oncol. 35:2149–2156. 2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Kono M, Fujii T, Lim B, Karuturi MS, Tripathy D and Ueno NT: Androgen receptor function and androgen Receptor-targeted therapies in breast cancer: A review. JAMA Oncol. 3:1266–1273. 2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Gatalica Z, Hoag J, Hall DW, Alyaqoub FS, Dombrowski S, Noel P, Szelinger S, Udhane S, Min W and Thakkar SG: CGE23-072: The frequency of androgen receptor splice Variant 7 (AR-V7) in solid tumors. J Nat Comprehensive Nat Netw. 21:2023. | |
Armstrong AJ, Halabi S, Luo J, Nanus DM, Giannakakou P, Szmulewitz RZ, Danila DC, Healy P, Anand M, Rothwell CJ, et al: Prospective multicenter validation of androgen receptor splice variant 7 and hormone therapy resistance in High-risk Castration-resistant prostate cancer: The PROPHECY Study. J Clin Oncol. 37:1120–1129. 2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Carles J, Alonso-Gordoa T, Mellado B, Mendez-Vidal MJ, Vazquez S, Gonzalez-Del-Alba A, Piulats JM, Borrega P, Gallardo E, Morales-Barrera R, et al: Radium-223 for patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer with asymptomatic bone metastases progressing on first-line abiraterone acetate or enzalutamide: A single-arm phase II trial. Eur J Cancer. 173:317–3126. 2022.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Shenderov E, Boudadi K, Fu W, Wang H, Sullivan R, Jordan A, Dowling D, Harb R, Schonhoft J, Jendrisak A, et al: Nivolumab plus ipilimumab, with or without enzalutamide, in AR-V7-expressing metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer: A phase-2 nonrandomized clinical trial. Prostate. 81:326–338. 2021.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Tewari A: AMG 160 aH-LE, PSMA-Targeted, Bispecific T-cell Engager (BiTE®) immune Therapy for mCRPC-Interim Results From a Phase I Study. [(Accessed on 30 April 2021)]; Available online: https://www.urotoday.com/conference-highlights/esmo-2020/prostate-cancer/124632-esmo-virtual-congress-2020-amg-160-a-half-life-extended-psma-targeted-bispecific-t-cell-engager-bite-immune-therapy-for-mcrpc-interim-results-from-a-phase-i-study.html. | |
Li W, Zhang B, Tang J, Cao Q, Wu Y, Wu C, Guo J, Ling EA and Liang F: Sirtuin 2, a mammalian homolog of yeast silent information regulator-2 longevity regulator, is an oligodendroglial protein that decelerates cell differentiation through deacetylating alpha-tubulin. J Neurosci. 27:2606–2616. 2007.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Rana Z, Diermeier S, Hanif M and Rosengren RJ: Understanding failure and improving treatment using HDAC inhibitors for prostate cancer. Biomedicines. 8(22)2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Eckschlager T, Plch J, Stiborova M and Hrabeta J: Histone deacetylase inhibitors as anticancer drugs. Int J Mol Sci. 18(1414)2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Oehme I, Deubzer HE, Wegener D, Pickert D, Linke JP, Hero B, Kopp-Schneider A, Westermann F, Ulrich SM, von Deimling A, et al: Histone deacetylase 8 in neuroblastoma tumorigenesis. Clin Cancer Res. 15:91–99. 2009.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Wang L, Zou X, Berger AD, Twiss C, Peng Y, Li Y, Chiu J, Guo H, Satagopan J, Wilton A, et al: Increased expression of histone deacetylaces (HDACs) and inhibition of prostate cancer growth and invasion by HDAC inhibitor SAHA. Am J Transl Res. 1:62–71. 2009.PubMed/NCBI | |
Weichert W, Roske A, Gekeler V, Beckers T, Stephan C, Jung K, Fritzsche FR, Niesporek S, Denkert C, Dietel M, et al: Histone deacetylases 1, 2 and 3 are highly expressed in prostate cancer and HDAC2 expression is associated with shorter PSA relapse time after radical prostatectomy. Br J Cancer. 98:604–610. 2008.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Shankar E, Pandey M, Verma S, Abbas A, Candamo M, Kanwal R, Shukla S, MacLennan GT and Gupta S: Role of class I histone deacetylases in the regulation of maspin expression in prostate cancer. Mol Carcinog. 59:955–966. 2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Waltregny D, North B, Van Mellaert F, de Leval J, Verdin E and Castronovo V: Screening of histone deacetylases (HDAC) expression in human prostate cancer reveals distinct class I HDAC profiles between epithelial and stromal cells. Eur J Histochem. 48:273–290. 2004.PubMed/NCBI | |
Li Y and Seto E: HDACs and HDAC inhibitors in cancer development and therapy. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med. 6(a026831)2016.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Zeng LS, Yang XZ, Wen YF, Mail SJ, Wang MH, Zhang MY, Zheng XF and Wang HY: Overexpressed HDAC4 is associated with poor survival and promotes tumor progression in esophageal carcinoma. Aging (Albany NY). 8:1236–1249. 2016.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Beaver LM, Lӧhr CV, Clarke JD, Glasser ST, Watson GW, Wong CP, Zhang Z, Williams DE, Dashwood RH, Shannon J, et al: Broccoli sprouts delay prostate cancer formation and decrease prostate cancer severity with a concurrent decrease in HDAC3 protein expression in transgenic adenocarcinoma of the mouse prostate (TRAMP) mice. Curr Dev Nutr. 2(nzy002)2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Jang YG, Hwang KA and Choi KC: Rosmarinic acid, a component of rosemary tea, induced the cell cycle arrest and apoptosis through modulation of HDAC2 expression in prostate cancer cell lines. Nutrients. 10(1784)2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Pandey M, Kaur P, Shukla S, Abbas A, Fu P and Gupta S: Plant flavone apigenin inhibits HDAC and remodels chromatin to induce growth arrest and apoptosis in human prostate cancer cells: In vitro and in vivo study. Mol Carcinog. 51:952–962. 2012.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Zhang L, Zhang J, Jiang Q, Zhang L and Song W: Zinc binding groups for histone deacetylase inhibitors. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem. 33:714–721. 2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Yue K, Qin M, Huang C, James Chou C, Jiang Y and Li X: Comparison of three zinc binding groups for HDAC inhibitors-A potency, selectivity and enzymatic kinetics study. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 70(128797)2022.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Moi D, Bonanni D, Belluti S, Linciano P, Citarella A, Franchini S, Sorbi C, Imbriano C, Pinzi L and Rastelli G: Discovery of potent pyrrolo-pyrimidine and purine HDAC inhibitors for the treatment of advanced prostate cancer. Eur J Med Chem. 260(115730)2023.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Eigl BJ, North S, Winquist E, Finch D, Wood L, Sridhar SS, Powers J, Good J, Sharma M, Squire JA, et al: A phase II study of the HDAC inhibitor SB939 in patients with castration resistant prostate cancer: NCIC clinical trials group study IND195. Invest New Drugs. 33:969–976. 2015.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Ferrari AC, Alumkal JJ, Stein MN, Taplin ME, Babb J, Barnett ES, Gomez-Pinillos A, Liu X, Moore D, DiPaola R and Beer TM: Epigenetic therapy with panobinostat combined with bicalutamide rechallenge in castration-resistant prostate cancer. Clin Cancer Res. 25:52–63. 2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Biersack B, Nitzsche B and Hopfner M: HDAC inhibitors with potential to overcome drug resistance in castration-resistant prostate cancer. Cancer Drug Resist. 5:64–79. 2022.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Chen Z, Wang X, Yang X, Xu Y, Yang Y, Wang H, Li T, Bai P, Yuan G, Chen H, et al: Imaging assisted evaluation of antitumor efficacy of a new histone deacetylase inhibitor in the castration-resistant prostate cancer. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 48:53–66. 2021.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Rosati R, Chen B, Patki M, McFall T, Ou S, Heath E, Ratnam M and Qin Z: Hybrid Enzalutamide derivatives with histone deacetylase inhibitor activity decrease heat shock protein 90 and androgen receptor levels and inhibit viability in Enzalutamide-resistant C4-2 prostate cancer cells. Mol Pharmacol. 90:225–237. 2016.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Hu WY, Xu L, Chen B, Ou S, Muzzarelli KM, Hu DP, Li Y, Yang Z, Vander Griend DJ, Prins GS and Qin Z: Targeting prostate cancer cells with enzalutamide-HDAC inhibitor hybrid drug 2-75. Prostate. 79:1166–1179. 2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Sun H, Mediwala SN, Szafran AT, Mancini MA and Marcelli M: CUDC-101, a novel inhibitor of Full-length androgen receptor (flAR) and androgen receptor variant 7 (AR-V7) activity: Mechanism of action and in vivo efficacy. Horm Cancer. 7:196–210. 2016.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Lai CJ, Bao R, Tao X, Wang J, Atoyan R, Qu H, Wang DG, Yin L, Samson M, Forrester J, et al: CUDC-101, a multitargeted inhibitor of histone deacetylase, epidermal growth factor receptor, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, exerts potent anticancer activity. Cancer Res. 70:3647–3656. 2010.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Li X, Kamenecka TM and Cameron MD: Cytochrome P450-mediated bioactivation of the epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor erlotinib to a reactive electrophile. Drug Metab Dispos. 38:1238–1245. 2010.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Goehringer N, Biersack B, Peng Y, Schobert R, Herling M, Ma A, Nitzsche B and Höpfner M: Anticancer activity and mechanisms of action of new chimeric EGFR/HDAC-inhibitors. Int J Mol Sci. 22(8432)2021.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Hu C, Xia H, Bai S, Zhao J, Edwards H, Li X, Yang Y, Lyu J, Wang G, Zhan Y, et al: CUDC-907, a novel dual PI3K and HDAC inhibitor, in prostate cancer: Antitumour activity and molecular mechanism of action. J Cell Mol Med. 24:7239–7253. 2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Wu CP, Hsieh YJ, Hsiao SH, Su CY, Li YQ, Huang YH, Huang CW, Hsieh CH, Yu JS and Wu YS: Human ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2 confers resistance to CUDC-907, a dual inhibitor of histone deacetylase and phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase. Mol Pharm. 13:784–794. 2016.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Evans LW and Ferguson BS: Food bioactive HDAC inhibitors in the epigenetic regulation of heart failure. Nutrients. 10(1120)2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Lauri C, Chiurchioni L, Russo VM, Zannini L and Signore A: PSMA expression in solid tumors beyond the prostate gland: Ready for theranostic applications? J Clin Med. 11(6590)2022.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Uijen MJM, Derks YHW, Merkx RIJ, Schilham MGM, Roosen J, Prive BM, van Lith SAM, van Herpen CML, Gotthardt M, Heskamp S, et al: PSMA radioligand therapy for solid tumors other than prostate cancer: Background, opportunities, challenges, and first clinical reports. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 48:4350–4368. 2021.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Kasperzyk JL, Finn SP, Flavin R, Fiorentino M, Lis R, Hendrickson WK, Clinton SK, Sesso HD, Giovannucci EL, Stampfer MJ, et al: Prostate-specific membrane antigen protein expression in tumor tissue and risk of lethal prostate cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 22:2354–2363. 2013.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Heskamp S, Hernandez R, Molkenboer-Kuenen JDM, Essler M, Bruchertseifer F, Morgenstern A, Steenbergen EJ, Cai W, Seidl C, McBride WJ, et al: α-versus β-emitting radionuclides for pretargeted radioimmunotherapy of carcinoembryonic antigen-expressing human colon cancer xenografts. J Nucl Med. 58:926–933. 2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Sheehan B, Guo C, Neeb A, Paschalis A, Sandhu S and de Bono JS: Prostate-specific membrane antigen biology in lethal prostate cancer and its therapeutic implications. Eur Urol Focus. 8:1157–1168. 2022.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Zacherl MJ, Gildehaus FJ, Mittlmeier L, Boning G, Gosewisch A, Wenter V, Unterrainer M, Schmidt-Hegemann N, Belka C, Kretschmer A, et al: First clinical results for PSMA-Targeted α-therapy using 225Ac-PSMA-I&T in Advanced-mCRPC patients. J Nucl Med. 62:669–674. 2021.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Sathekge M, Bruchertseifer F, Knoesen O, Reyneke F, Lawal I, Lengana T, Davis C, Mahapane J, Corbett C, Vorster M and Morgenstern A: 225Ac-PSMA-617 in chemotherapy-naive patients with advanced prostate cancer: A pilot study. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 46:129–138. 2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Tagawa ST, Thomas C, Sartor AO, Sun M, Stangl-Kremser J, Bissassar M, Vallabhajosula S, Huicochea Castellanos S, Nauseef JT, Sternberg CN, et al: Prostate-specific membrane antigen-targeting alpha emitter via antibody delivery for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer: A phase I dose-escalation study of 225Ac-J591. J Clin Oncol. 42:842–581. 2024.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Baum RP, Kulkarni HR, Schuchardt C, Singh A, Wirtz M, Wiessalla S, Schottelius M, Mueller D, Klette I and Wester HJ: 177Lu-Labeled Prostate-specific membrane antigen radioligand therapy of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer: Safety and efficacy. J Nucl Med. 57:1006–1013. 2016.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Sandhu S, Joshua AM, Emmett L, Spain LA, Horvath L, Crumbaker M, Anton A and Hofman MS: PRINCE: Phase I trial of 177Lu-PSMA-617 in combination with pembrolizumab in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). J Clin Oncol. 40(5017)2022. | |
Dorff T, Horvath LG, Autio K, Bernard-Tessier A, Rettig MB, Machiels JP, Bilen MA, Lolkema MP, Adra N, Rottey S, et al: A phase I study of acapatamab, a Half-life extended, PSMA-targeting bispecific T-cell engager for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. Clin Cancer Res. 30:1488–1500. 2024.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Hummel HD, Kufer P, Grullich C, Seggewiss-Bernhardt R, Deschler-Baier B, Chatterjee M, Goebeler ME, Miller K, de Santis M, Loidl W, et al: Pasotuxizumab, a BiTE® immune therapy for castration-resistant prostate cancer: Phase I, dose-escalation study findings. Immunotherapy. 13:125–141. 2021.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
De Bono JS, Fong L, Beer TM, Gao X, Geynisman DM, Burris III HA, Strauss JF, Courtney KD, Quinn DI, VanderWeele DJ, et al: Results of an ongoing phase 1/2a dose escalation study of HPN424, a tri-specific half-life extended PSMA-targeting T-cell engager, in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). J Clin Oncol. 39(5013)2021. | |
Sandhu S, Joshua AM, Emmett L, Crumbaker M, Bressel M, Huynh R, Banks PD, Wallace R, Hamid A, Inderjeeth AJ, et al: LuPARP: Phase 1 trial of 177Lu-PSMA-617 and olaparib in patients with metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). J Clin Oncol. 41(5005)2023. | |
Xiao X, Lao XM, Chen MM, Liu RX, Wei Y, Ouyang FZ, Chen DP, Zhao XY, Zhao Q, Li XF, et al: PD-1hi identifies a novel regulatory B-cell population in human hepatoma that promotes disease progression. Cancer Discov. 6:546–559. 2016.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Salvi S, Fontana V, Boccardo S, Merlo DF, Margallo E, Laurent S, Morabito A, Rijavec E, Dal Bello MG, Mora M, et al: Evaluation of CTLA-4 expression and relevance as a novel prognostic factor in patients with non-small cell lung cancer. Cancer Immunol Immunother. 61:1463–1472. 2012.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Seidel JA, Otsuka A and Kabashima K: Anti-PD-1 and Anti-CTLA-4 therapies in cancer: Mechanisms of action, efficacy, and limitations. Front Oncol. 8(86)2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Kwon ED, Drake CG, Scher HI, Fizazi K, Bossi A, van den Eertwegh AJ, Krainer M, Houede N, Santos R, Mahammedi H, et al: Ipilimumab versus placebo after radiotherapy in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer that had progressed after docetaxel chemotherapy (CA184-043): A multicentre, randomised, double-blind, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol. 15:700–712. 2014.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Powles T, Yuen KC, Gillessen S, Kadel EE III, Rathkopf D, Matsubara N, Drake CG, Fizazi K, Piulats JM, Wysocki PJ, et al: Atezolizumab with enzalutamide versus enzalutamide alone in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer: A randomized phase 3 trial. Nat Med. 28:144–153. 2022.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Sharma P, Pachynski RK, Narayan V, Flechon A, Gravis G, Galsky MD, Mahammedi H, Patnaik A, Subudhi SK, Ciprotti M, et al: Initial results from a phase II study of nivolumab (NIVO) plus ipilimumab (IPI) for the treatment of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC; CheckMate 650). J Clin Oncol. 37(142)2019. | |
Beer TM, Kwon ED, Drake CG, Fizazi K, Logothetis C, Gravis G, Ganju V, Polikoff J, Saad F, Humanski P, et al: Randomized, double-blind, phase III trial of ipilimumab versus placebo in asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic patients with metastatic Chemotherapy-naive castration-resistant prostate cancer. J Clin Oncol. 35:40–47. 2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Hansen AR, Massard C, Ott PA, Haas NB, Lopez JS, Ejadi S, Wallmark JM, Keam B, Delord JP, Aggarwal R, et al: Pembrolizumab for advanced prostate adenocarcinoma: Findings of the KEYNOTE-028 study. Ann Oncol. 29:1807–1813. 2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Antonarakis ES, Piulats JM, Gross-Goupil M, Goh JC, Vaishampayan UN, De Wit R, Alanko T, Fukasawa S, Tabata K, Feyerabend S, et al: Update on KEYNOTE-199, cohorts 1-3: Pembrolizumab (pembro) for docetaxel-pretreated metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). J Clin Oncol. 38(104)2020. | |
Hoimes CJ, Graff JN, Tagawa ST, Hwang C, Kilari D, Tije AJT, Omlin A, McDermott RS, Vaishampayan UN, Elliott T, et al: KEYNOTE-199 cohorts (C) 4 and 5: Phase II study of pembrolizumab (pembro) plus enzalutamide (enza) for enza-resistant metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). J Clin Oncol. 38(5543)2020. | |
Yu EY, Piulats JM, Gravis G, Laguerre B, Arija JAA, Oudard S, Fong PCC, Kolinsky MP, Augustin M, Feyerabend S, et al: KEYNOTE-365 cohort A updated results: Pembrolizumab (pembro) plus olaparib in docetaxel-pretreated patients (pts) with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). J Clin Oncol. 38(100)2020. | |
Berry WR, Fong PCC, Piulats JM, Appleman LJ, Conter HJ, Feyerabend S, Shore ND, Gravis G, Laguerre B, Gurney H, et al: KEYNOTE-365 cohort C updated results: Pembrolizumab (pembro) plus enzalutamide (enza) in abiraterone (abi)-pretreated patients (pts) with metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). J Clin Oncol. 38(102)2020. | |
Stein M, Fong L, Tutrone R, Mega A, Lam ET, Vangala S, Dennie J, Petit R, Gutierrez A, Hayes S and Haas N: KEYNOTE-046: Effects of ADXS-PSA with or without pembrolizumab on survival and antigen spreading in metastatic, castration-resistant prostate cancer patients. Cancer Res. 79(CT098)2019. | |
van den Eertwegh AJ, Versluis J, van den Berg HP, Santegoets SJ, van Moorselaar RJ, van der Sluis TM, Gall HE, Harding TC, Jooss K, Lowy I, et al: Combined immunotherapy with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor-transduced allogeneic prostate cancer cells and ipilimumab in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer: A phase 1 dose-escalation trial. Lancet Oncol. 13:509–517. 2012.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Ross AE, Hurley PJ, Tran PT, Rowe SP, Benzon B, Neal TO, Chapman C, Harb R, Milman Y, Trock BJ, et al: A pilot trial of pembrolizumab plus prostatic cryotherapy for men with newly diagnosed oligometastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis. 23:184–193. 2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
van Wilpe S, Kloots ISH, Slootbeek PHJ, den Brok M, Westdorp H, Franken MD, Coskunturk M, Osinga T, Bloemendal H, Adema G, et al: Ipilimumab with nivolumab in molecularly selected patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer: Primary analysis of the phase II INSPIRE trial. Ann Oncol. 35:1126–1137. 2024.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Wang XH, Wang ZQ, Mu ZY, Zhu LP, Zhong CF and Guo S: The efficacy and safety of immune checkpoint inhibitors in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore). 101(e29715)2022.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
McNeel DG, Eickhoff JC, Wargowski E, Zahm C, Staab MJ, Straus J and Liu G: Concurrent, but not sequential, PD-1 blockade with a DNA vaccine elicits anti-tumor responses in patients with metastatic, castration-resistant prostate cancer. Oncotarget. 9:25586–25596. 2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Madan RA, Mohebtash M, Arlen PM, Vergati M, Rauckhorst M, Steinberg SM, Tsang KY, Poole DJ, Parnes HL, Wright JJ, et al: Ipilimumab and a poxviral vaccine targeting prostate-specific antigen in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer: A phase 1 dose-escalation trial. Lancet Oncol. 13:501–508. 2012.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Brahmer JR, Drake CG, Wollner I, Powderly JD, Picus J, Sharfman WH, Stankevich E, Pons A, Salay TM, McMiller TL, et al: Phase I study of single-agent anti-programmed death-1 (MDX-1106) in refractory solid tumors: Aafety, clinical activity, pharmacodynamics, and immunologic correlates. J Clin Oncol. 28:3167–3175. 2010.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Aguiar PN Jr, Santoro IL, Tadokoro H, de Lima Lopes G, Filardi BA, Oliveira P, Mountzios G and de Mello RA: The role of PD-L1 expression as a predictive biomarker in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: A network meta-analysis. Immunotherapy. 8:479–488. 2016.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Karja V, Aaltomaa S, Lipponen P, Isotalo T, Talja M and Mokka R: Tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes: A prognostic factor of PSA-free survival in patients with local prostate carcinoma treated by radical prostatectomy. Anticancer Res. 25:4435–4438. 2005.PubMed/NCBI | |
Ness N, Andersen S, Valkov A, Nordby Y, Donnem T, Al-Saad S, Busund LT, Bremnes RM and Richardsen E: Infiltration of CD8+ lymphocytes is an independent prognostic factor of biochemical failure-free survival in prostate cancer. Prostate. 74:1452–1461. 2014.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Sorrentino C, Musiani P, Pompa P, Cipollone G and Di Carlo E: Androgen deprivation boosts prostatic infiltration of cytotoxic and regulatory T lymphocytes and has no effect on disease-free survival in prostate cancer patients. Clin Cancer Res. 17:1571–1581. 2011.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Jiao S, Subudhi SK, Aparicio A, Ge Z, Guan B, Miura Y and Sharma P: Differences in tumor microenvironment dictate T helper lineage polarization and response to immune checkpoint therapy. Cell. 179:1177–1190.e13. 2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Claps M, Mennitto A, Guadalupi V, Sepe P, Stellato M, Zattarin E, Gillessen SS, Sternberg CN, Berruti A, De Braud FGM, et al: Immune-checkpoint inhibitors and metastatic prostate cancer therapy: Learning by making mistakes. Cancer Treat Rev. 88(102057)2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Valabrega G, Scotto G, Tuninetti V, Pani A and Scaglione F: Differences in PARP inhibitors for the treatment of ovarian cancer: Mechanisms of action, pharmacology, safety, and efficacy. Int J Mol Sci. 22(4203)2021.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Chan CY, Tan KV and Cornelissen B: PARP inhibitors in cancer diagnosis and therapy. Clin Cancer Res. 27:1585–1594. 2021.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Thiery-Vuillemin A, de Bono J, Hussain M, Roubaud G, Procopio G, Shore N, Fizazi K, Dos Anjos G, Gravis G, Joung JY, et al: Pain and health-related quality of life with olaparib versus physician's choice of next-generation hormonal drug in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer with homologous recombination repair gene alterations (PROfound): An open-label, randomised, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol. 23:393–405. 2022.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
de Bono J, Mateo J, Fizazi K, Saad F, Shore N, Sandhu S, Chi KN, Sartor O, Agarwal N, Olmos D, et al: Olaparib for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. N Engl J Med. 382:2091–2102. 2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Thiery-Vuillemin A, Oya M, Procopio G, De Menezes JJ, Colagiovanni Girotto G, Ghatalia P, Nole F, Din O, Spiegelhalder P, Mincik I, et al: Olaparib plus abiraterone as first-line therapy in men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer: Pharmacokinetics data from the PROpel trial. J Clin Oncol. 40(5050)2022. | |
Thiery-Vuillemin ASF, Saad F, Armstrong AJ, Oya M, Maia Vianna KC, Özgüroğlu M, Gedye C, Buchschacher GL, Lee JY, Emmenegger U, et al: Tolerability of abiraterone (abi) combined with olaparib (ola) in patients (pts) with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC): Further results from the phase III PROpel trial. J Clin Oncol. 40(5019)2022. | |
Chen X, Pan Y, Wang Q, Ren C, Li M, Hao X and Liu X: Comparative efficacy of olaparib in combination with or without novel antiandrogens for treating metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 14(1225033)2023.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Abida W, Patnaik A, Campbell D, Shapiro J, Bryce AH, McDermott R, Sautois B, Vogelzang NJ, Bambury RM, Voog E, et al: Rucaparib in men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer harboring a BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene alteration. J Clin Oncol. 38:3763–3772. 2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Abida W, Campbell D, Patnaik A, Shapiro JD, Sautois B, Vogelzang NJ, Voog EG, Bryce AH, McDermott R, Ricci F, et al: Non-BRCA DNA damage repair gene alterations and response to the PARP inhibitor rucaparib in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer: Analysis from the phase II TRITON2 study. Clin Cancer Res. 26:2487–2496. 2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Rao A, Morris D, Assikis VJ, Gopalji Jha G, Ryan CJ, Ablaza JA, Habeck J, Loehr A, Xiao J, Gangolli EA, et al: Rucaparib plus enzalutamide in patients (pts) with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC): Pharmacokinetics (PK) and safety data from the phase Ib RAMP study. J Clin Oncol. 39(79)2021. | |
Smith MR, Scher HI, Sandhu S, Efstathiou E, Lara PN Jr, Yu EY, George DJ, Chi KN, Saad F, Ståhl O, et al: Niraparib in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer and DNA repair gene defects (GALAHAD): A multicentre, open-label, phase 2 trial. Lancet Oncol. 23:362–373. 2022.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Chi KN, Rathkopf DE, Raymond Smith M, Efstathiou E, Attard G, Olmos D, Lee JY, Small EJ, Juliana Gomes A, Roubaud G, et al: Phase 3 MAGNITUDE study: First results of niraparib (NIRA) with abiraterone acetate and prednisone (AAP) as first-line therapy in patients (pts) with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) with and without homologous recombination repair (HRR) gene alterations. J Clin Oncol. 40(12)2022. | |
Agarwal N, Azad A, Shore ND, Carles J, Fay AP, Dunshee C, Karsh LI, Paccagnella ML, Santo ND, Elmeliegy M, et al: Talazoparib plus enzalutamide in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer: TALAPRO-2 phase III study design. Future Oncol. 18:425–436. 2022.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Karzai F, VanderWeele D, Madan RA, Owens H, Cordes LM, Hankin A, Couvillon A, Nichols E, Bilusic M, Beshiri ML, et al: Activity of durvalumab plus olaparib in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer in men with and without DNA damage repair mutations. J Immunother Cancer. 6(141)2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Yu E, Piulats JM, Gravis G, Fong P, Todenhöfer T, Laguerre B, Arranz J, Oudard S, Massard C, Stoeckle M, et al: 73P Association between homologous recombination repair mutations and response to pembrolizumab (pembro) plus olaparib (ola) in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC): KEYNOTE-365 Cohort A biomarker analysis. Ann Oncol. 32 (Suppl)(S387)2021. | |
Robinson D, Van Allen EM, Wu YM, Schultz N, Lonigro RJ, Mosquera JM, Montgomery B, Taplin ME, Pritchard CC, Attard G, et al: Integrative clinical genomics of advanced prostate cancer. Cell. 161:1215–1228. 2015.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Carver BS, Chapinski C, Wongvipat J, Hieronymus H, Chen Y, Chandarlapaty S, Arora VK, Le C, Koutcher J, Scher H, et al: Reciprocal feedback regulation of PI3K and androgen receptor signaling in PTEN-deficient prostate cancer. Cancer Cell. 19:575–586. 2011.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Sirico M, D'Angelo A, Gianni C, Casadei C, Merloni F and De Giorgi U: Current state and future challenges for PI3K inhibitors in cancer therapy. Cancers (Basel). 15(703)2023.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Sweeney C, Bracarda S, Sternberg CN, Chi KN, Olmos D, Sandhu S, Massard C, Matsubara N, Alekseev B, Parnis F, et al: Ipatasertib plus abiraterone and prednisolone in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (IPATential150): A multicentre, randomised, double-blind, phase 3 trial. Lancet. 398:131–142. 2021.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Sarker D, Dawson NA, Aparicio AM, Dorff TB, Pantuck AJ, Vaishampayan UN, Henson L, Vasist L, Roy-Ghanta S, Gorczyca M, et al: A Phase I, Open-label, Dose-finding study of GSK2636771, a PI3Kβ inhibitor, administered with enzalutamide in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. Clin Cancer Res. 27:5248–5257. 2021.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Pacey S, Shah N, Daviesbr BR, Bratt O, Warren A, Davies RD, Gnanapragasam VJ, Ingle S, Stearn S, Machin A, et al: A pharmacodynamic biomarker study of vistusertib (AZD2014), an mTORC1/2 inhibitor, given prior to radical prostatectomy (CANCAP02). J Clin Oncol. 36(5801)2018. | |
Graham L, Banda K, Torres A, Carver BS, Chen Y, Pisano K, Shelkey G, Curley T, Scher HI, Lotan TL, et al: A phase II study of the dual mTOR inhibitor MLN0128 in patients with metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer. Invest New Drugs. 36:458–467. 2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Kemp Bohan PM, Cindass JL, Chick RC, Vreeland TJ, Hale DF, Hickerson A, Clifton GT, Peoples GE and Liss M: Results of a phase Ib trial of encapsulated rapamycin in prostate cancer patients under active surveillance to prevent progression. J Clin Oncol. 38(34)2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Narayan V, Vapiwala N, Subramanian P, Christodouleas JP, Bekelman JE, Mick R, Walicki M, Ciconte J, Rajendran RR and Haas NB: Phase I trial of everolimus plus radiation therapy for salvage treatment of biochemical recurrence in prostate cancer patients following prostatectomy. J Clin Oncol. 34(16617)2016.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Sweeney CJ, Percent IJ, Babu S, Cultrera JL, Mehlhaff BA, Goodman OB, Morris DS, Schnadig ID, Albany C, Shore ND, et al: Phase Ib/II study of enzalutamide with samotolisib (LY3023414) or placebo in patients with metastatic Castration-resistant prostate cancer. Clin Cancer Res. 28:2237–224. 2022.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Courtney KD, Manola JB, Elfiky AA, Ross R, Oh WK, Yap JT, Van den Abbeele AD, Ryan CW, Beer TM, Loda M, et al: A phase I study of everolimus and docetaxel in patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer. Clin Genitourin Cancer. 13:113–123. 2015.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Chow H, Ghosh PM, deVere White R, Evans CP, Dall'Era MA, Yap SA, Li Y, Beckett LA, Lara PN Jr and Pan CX: A phase 2 clinical trial of everolimus plus bicalutamide for castration-resistant prostate cancer. Cancer. 122:1897–1904. 2016.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Vaishampayan U, Shevrin D, Stein M, Heilbrun L, Land S, Stark K, Li J, Dickow B, Heath E and Smith D: Phase II trial of carboplatin, everolimus, and prednisone in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer pretreated with docetaxel chemotherapy: A prostate cancer clinical trial consortium study. Urology. 86:1206–1211. 2015.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Rathkopf DE, Slovin SF, Morris MJ, Danila DC, Delacruz A, Shelkey G, DeNunzio M, McLaughlin B and Scher H: Targeting reciprocal feedback inhibition: Apalutamide and everolimus in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). J Clin Oncol. 15(204)2017. | |
Coleman N, Moyers JT, Harbery A, Vivanco I and Yap TA: Clinical development of AKT inhibitors and associated predictive biomarkers to guide patient treatment in cancer medicine. Pharmgenomics Pers Med. 14:1517–1535. 2021.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Lockney NA, Henderson RH, Swarts SG, Zhang Z, Zhang B, Li J, Zlotecki RA, Morris CG, Casey-Sawicki KA and Okunieff PG: Measuring radiation toxicity using circulating Cell-free DNA in prostate cancer patients. Int J Part Ther. 8:28–35. 2022.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar |