1.
|
Moore J, McKee D, Slentz-Kesler K, Moore
LB, Jones S, Horne E, Su J, Kliewer S, Lehmann J and Willson T:
Cloning and characterization of human estrogen receptor β isoforms.
Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 247:75–78. 1998.
|
2.
|
Leung Y, Mak P, Hassan S and Ho S:
Estrogen receptor (ER)-β isoforms: a key to understanding ER-β
signaling. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 103:13162–13167. 1996.
|
3.
|
Speirs V, Skliris GP, Burdall SE and
Carder PJ: Distinct expression patterns of ERα and ERβ in normal
human mammary gland. J Clin Pathol. 55:371–374. 2002.
|
4.
|
Skliris GP, Munot K, Bell SM, Carder PJ,
Lane S, Horgan K, Lansdown MR, Parkes AT, Hanby AM, Markham AF and
Speirs V: Reduced expression of oestrogen receptor β in invasive
breast cancer and its re-expression using DNA methyl transferase
inhibitors in a cell line model. J Pathol. 201:213–220. 2003.
|
5.
|
Matthews J and Gustafsson J: Estrogen
signaling: a subtle balance between ERα and ERβ. Mol Interv.
3:281–292. 2003.PubMed/NCBI
|
6.
|
Bardin A, Boulle N, Lazennec G, Vignon F
and Pujol P: Loss of ERβ expression as a common step in
estrogen-dependent tumor progression. Endocr Relat Cancer.
11:537–551. 2004.
|
7.
|
Enmark E, Pelto-Huikko M, Grandien K,
Lagercrantz S, Lagercrantz J, Fried G, Nordenskjold M and
Gustafsson JA: Human estrogen receptor beta: gene structure,
chromosomal localization, and expression pattern. J Clin Endocrinol
Metab. 82:4258–4265. 1997.PubMed/NCBI
|
8.
|
Suzuki F, Akahira J, Miura I, Suzuki T,
Ito K, Hayashi H, Sasano H and Yaegashi N: Loss of estrogen
receptor β isoform expression and its correlation with aberrant DNA
methylation of the 5′-untranslated region in human epithelial
ovarian carcinoma. Cancer Sci. 99:2365–2372. 2008.
|
9.
|
Yap OW, Bhat G, Liu L and Tollefsbol TO:
Epigenetic modifications of the estrogen receptor β gene in
epithelial ovarian cancer cells. Anticancer Res. 29:139–144.
2009.
|
10.
|
Zhao C, Lam EW, Sunters A, Enmark E, De
Bella MT, Coombes RC, Gustafsson JA and Dahlman-Wright K:
Expression of estrogen receptor β isoforms in normal breast
epithelial cells and breast cancer: regulation by methylation.
Oncogene. 22:7600–7606. 2003.
|
11.
|
Zhu X, Leav I, Leung YK, Wu M, Liu Q, Gao
Y, McNeal JE and Ho SM: Dynamic regulation of estrogen receptor-β
expression by DNA methylation during prostate cancer development
and metastasis. Am J Pathol. 164:2003–2012. 2004.
|
12.
|
Rody A, Holtrich U, Solbach C, Kourtis K,
von Minckwitz G, Engels K, Kissler S, Gätje R, Karn T and Kaufmann
M: Methylation of estrogen receptor β promoter correlates with loss
of ER-β expression in mammary carcinoma and is an early indication
marker in premalignant lesions. Endocr Relat Cancer. 12:903–916.
2005.
|
13.
|
Smith L, Brannan RA, Hanby AM, Shaaban AM,
Verghese ET, Peter MB, Pollock S, Satheesha S, Szynkiewicz M,
Speirs V and Hughes TA: Differential regulation of oestrogen
receptor β isoforms by 5′ untranslated regions in cancer. J Cell
Mol Med. 14:2172–2184. 2010.
|
14.
|
Zambrano P, Segura-Pacheco B,
Perez-Cardenas E, Cetina L, Revilla-Vazquez A, Taja-Chayeb L,
Chavez-Blanco A, Angeles E, Cabrera G, Sandoval K, Trejo-Becerril
C, Chanona-Vilchis J and Duenas-González A: A phase I study of
hydralazine to demethylate and reactivate the expression of tumor
suppressor genes. BMC Cancer. 5:442005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
15.
|
Walton TJ, Li G, Seth R, McArdle SE,
Bishop MC and Rees RC: DNA demethylation and histone deacetylation
inhibition co-operate to re-express estrogen receptor β and induce
apoptosis in prostate cancer cell-lines. Prostate. 68:210–222.
2008.PubMed/NCBI
|
16.
|
Shaaban AM, Green AR, Karthik S, Alizadeh
Y, Hughes TA, Harkins L, Ellis IO, Robertson JF, Paish EC, Saunders
PT, Groome NP and Speirs V: Nuclear and cytoplasmic expression of
ERβ1, ERβ2, and ERβ5 identifies distinct prognostic outcome for
breast cancer patients. Clin Cancer Res. 14:5228–5235. 2008.
|
17.
|
Cummings M, Iremonger J, Green CA, Shaaban
AM and Speirs V: Gene expression of ERβ isoforms in laser
microdissected human breast cancers: implications for gene
expression analyses. Cell Oncol. 31:467–473. 2009.
|
18.
|
Cawkwell L, Bell SM, Lewis FA, Dixon MF,
Taylor GR and Quirke P: Rapid detection of allele loss in
colorectal tumours using microsatellites and fluorescent DNA
technology. Br J Cancer. 67:1262–1267. 1993. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
19.
|
Cottrell SE, Distler J, Goodman NS, Mooney
SH, Kluth A, Olek A, Schwope I, Tetzner R, Ziebarth H and Berlin K:
A real-time PCR assay for DNA-methylation using
methylation-specific blockers. Nucleic Acids Res. 32:e102004.
View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
20.
|
Smith L, Coleman LJ, Cummings M, Satheesha
S, Shaw SO, Speirs V and Hughes TA: Expression of estrogen receptor
β isoforms is regulated by transcriptional and post-transcriptional
mechanisms. Biochem J. 429:283–290. 2010.
|
21.
|
Herman JG, Graff JR, Myohanen S, Nelkin BD
and Baylin SB: Methylation-specific PCR: a novel PCR assay for
methylation status of CpG islands. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA.
93:9821–9826. 1996. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
22.
|
Xue Q, Lin Z, Cheng YH, Huang CC, Marsh E,
Yin P, Milad MP, Confino E, Reierstad S, Innes J and Bulun SE:
Promoter methylation regulates estrogen receptor 2 in human
endometrium and endometriosis. Biol Reprod. 77:681–687. 2007.
View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
23.
|
Mirza S, Sharma G, Parshad R, Srivastava
A, Gupta SD and Ralhan R: Clinical significance of promoter
hypermethylation of ERβ and RARβ2 in tumor and serum DNA in Indian
breast cancer patients. Ann Surg Oncol. 19:3107–3115. 2012.
|
24.
|
Nojima D, Li LC, Dharia A, Perinchery G,
Ribeiro-Filho L, Yen TS and Dahiya R: CpG hypermethylation of the
promoter region inactivates the estrogen receptor-β gene in
patients with prostate carcinoma. Cancer. 92:2076–2083.
2001.PubMed/NCBI
|
25.
|
Zhai RL, Wang GB, Cai KL, Tao KX, Xu F,
Zhang WL and Zang ZY: Transcriptional inactivation of ERβ gene is
mediated by the induction of promoter hypermethylation in a rat
colonic epithelial cell model. J Surg Res. 155:306–310. 2009.
|
26.
|
Hamilton-Burke W, Coleman LJ, Cummings M,
Green CA, Holliday DL, Horgan K, Maraqa L, Peter MB, Pollock S,
Shaaban AM, Smith L and Speirs V: Phosphorylation of estrogen
receptor β at serine 105 is associated with good prognosis in
breast cancer. Am J Pathol. 177:1079–1086. 2010.
|
27.
|
Al-Nakhle H, Burns PA, Cummings M, Hanby
AM, Hughes TA, Satheesha S, Shaaban AM, Smith L and Speirs V:
Estrogen receptor β1 expression is regulated by miR-92 in breast
cancer. Cancer Res. 70:4778–4784. 2010.
|
28.
|
Bernstein I, Byun HM, Mohrbacher A, Douer
D, Gorospe G III, Hergesheimer J, Groshen S, O’Connell C and Yang
AS: A phase I biological study of azacitidine (Vidaza™) to
determine the optimal dose to inhibit DNA methylation. Epigenetics.
5:750–757. 2010.
|
29.
|
Yeo W, Chung HC, Chan SL, Wang LZ, Lim R,
Picus J, Boyer M, Mo FK, Koh J, Rha SY, Hui EP and Jeung HC:
Epigenetic therapy using belinostat for patients with unresectable
hepatocellular carcinoma: a multicenter phase I/II study with
biomarker and pharmacokinetic analysis of tumors from patients in
the Mayo Phase II Consortium and the Cancer Therapeutics Research
Group. J Clin Oncol. 30:3361–3367. 2012.
|