Gene expression profiling of metastatic brain cancer

  • Authors:
    • Vahe Michael Zohrabian
    • Hari Nandu
    • Nicholas Gulati
    • Greg Khitrov
    • Connie Zhao
    • Avinash Mohan
    • Joseph DeMattia
    • Alex Braun
    • Kaushik Das
    • Raj Murali
    • Meena Jhanwar-Uniyal
  • View Affiliations

  • Published online on: August 1, 2007     https://doi.org/10.3892/or.18.2.321
  • Pages: 321-328
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Abstract

Gene expression profiling of metastatic brain tumors from primary lung adenocarcinoma, using a 17k-expression array, revealed that 1561 genes were consistently altered. Further functional classification placed the genes into seven categories: cell cycle and DNA damage repair, apoptosis, signal transduction molecules, transcription factors, invasion and metastasis, adhesion, and angiogenesis. Genes involved in apoptosis, such as caspase 2 (CASP2), transforming growth factor-β inducible early gene (TIEG), and neuroprotective heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) were underexpressed in metastatic brain tumors. Alterations in Rho GTPases (ARHGAP26, ARHGAP1), as well as down-regulation of the metastasis suppressor gene KiSS-1 were noted, which may contribute to tumor aggression. Overexpression of the invasion-related gene neurofibromatosis 1 (NF1), and angiogenesis-related genes vascular endothelial growth factor-B (VEGF-B) and placental growth factor (PGF) was also evidenced. Brain-specific angiogenesis inhibitors 1 and 3 (BAI1 and BAI3) were underexpressed as well. Examination of cell-adhesion and migration-related genes revealed an increased expression of integrins and extracellular matrices collagen and laminin. The study also showed alterations in p53 protein-associated genes, among these increased gene expression of p53, up-regulation of Reprimo or candidate mediator of the p53-dependent G2-arrest, down-regulation of p53-regulated apoptosis-inducing protein 1 (p53AIP1), decreased expression of tumor protein inducible nuclear protein 1 (p53DINP1), and down-regulation of Mdm4 (MDMX). The results demonstrated that genes involved in adhesion, motility, and angiogenesis were consistently up-regulated in metastatic brain tumors, while genes involved in apoptosis, neuroprotection, and suppression of angiogenesis were markedly down-regulated, collectively making these cancer cells prone to metastasis.

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August 2007
Volume 18 Issue 2

Print ISSN: 1021-335X
Online ISSN:1791-2431

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Spandidos Publications style
Zohrabian VM, Nandu H, Gulati N, Khitrov G, Zhao C, Mohan A, DeMattia J, Braun A, Das K, Murali R, Murali R, et al: Gene expression profiling of metastatic brain cancer. Oncol Rep 18: 321-328, 2007.
APA
Zohrabian, V.M., Nandu, H., Gulati, N., Khitrov, G., Zhao, C., Mohan, A. ... Jhanwar-Uniyal, M. (2007). Gene expression profiling of metastatic brain cancer. Oncology Reports, 18, 321-328. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.18.2.321
MLA
Zohrabian, V. M., Nandu, H., Gulati, N., Khitrov, G., Zhao, C., Mohan, A., DeMattia, J., Braun, A., Das, K., Murali, R., Jhanwar-Uniyal, M."Gene expression profiling of metastatic brain cancer". Oncology Reports 18.2 (2007): 321-328.
Chicago
Zohrabian, V. M., Nandu, H., Gulati, N., Khitrov, G., Zhao, C., Mohan, A., DeMattia, J., Braun, A., Das, K., Murali, R., Jhanwar-Uniyal, M."Gene expression profiling of metastatic brain cancer". Oncology Reports 18, no. 2 (2007): 321-328. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.18.2.321