Osteoclastogenesis accompanying early osteoblastic differentiation of BMSCs promoted by mechanical stretch

Wu,Yuqiong; Zhang,Peng; Dai,Qinggang; Fu,Runqing; Yang,Xiao; Fang,Bing; Jiang,Lingyong

doi:10.3892/br.2013.84

Osteoclastogenesis accompanying early osteoblastic differentiation of BMSCs promoted by mechanical stretch

Authors:
- Yuqiong Wu
- Peng Zhang
- Qinggang Dai
- Runqing Fu
- Xiao Yang
- Bing Fang
- Lingyong Jiang
View Affiliations

Affiliations: Center of Craniofacial Orthodontics, Department of Oral and Cranio‑Maxillofacial Science, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
Published online on: March 20, 2013 https://doi.org/10.3892/br.2013.84
Pages: 474-478

Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )

Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )

Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

Abstract

Mechanical stress plays a crucial role in bone formation and absorption. In previous studies, we verified the osteoblastogenesis of bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) affected by intermittent traction stretch. However, little is known about the osteoclastogenesis process under mechanical stimulation and its underlying association with osteoblastogenesis. In the present study, we investigated the osteoclastogenesis of BMSCs under this special mechanical stress. BMSCs were subjected to 10% elongation for 1‑7 days using a Flexcell Strain Unit and then the mRNA levels of osteoclastic genes were examined. The results indicated time‑dependent varying of mRNA levels of the receptor activator of nuclear factor‑κB ligand (RANKL) and osteoprotegerin (OPG) in BMSCs at different stretching time points. The ratio of RANKL/OPG increased at the early stage of mechanical stimulation (5 days) and decreased to a low level at a later stage (7 days). Findings of this study may help to understand the correlations between osteoblastogenesis and osteoclasteogenesis when mechanical stretch induces the osteoblastic differentiation of BMSCs.

View Figures

View References

1	Heinonen A, Sievanen H, Kyrolainen H, et al: Mineral mass, size, and estimated mechanical strength of triple jumpers’ lower limb. Bone. 29:279–285. 2001.PubMed/NCBI
2	Dunphy L: Contemporary orthodontics, 5th edition. Br Dent J. 213:2582012. View Article : Google Scholar
3	Krishnan V and Davidovitch Z: Cellular, molecular, and tissue-level reactions to orthodontic force. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 129:e1–e32. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
4	Masella RS and Meister M: Current concepts in the biology of orthodontic tooth movement. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 129:458–468. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
5	Davidovitch Z: Tooth movement. Crit Rev Oral Biol Med. 2:411–450. 1991.PubMed/NCBI
6	Koka S and Reinhardt RA: Periodontal pathogen-related stimulation indicates unique phenotype of primary cultured human fibroblasts from gingiva and periodontal ligament: implications for oral health disease. J Prosthet Dent. 77:191–196. 1997. View Article : Google Scholar
7	Lacey DL, Timms E, Tan HL, et al: Osteoprotegerin ligand is a cytokine that regulates osteoclast differentiation and activation. Cell. 93:165–176. 1998. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
8	Teitelbaum SL: Osteoclasts: what do they do and how do they do it? Am J Pathol. 170:427–435. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
9	Boyle WJ, Simonet WS and Lacey DL: Osteoclast differentiation and activation. Nature. 423:337–342. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
10	Wu Y, Zhang X, Zhang P, et al: Intermittent traction stretch promotes the osteoblastic differentiation of bone mesenchymal stem cells by the ERK1/2-activated Cbfa1 pathway. Connect Tissue Res. 53:451–459. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
11	Zhang P, Wu Y, Jiang Z, et al: Osteogenic response of mesenchymal stem cells to continuous mechanical strain is dependent on ERK1/2-Runx2 signaling. Int J Mol Med. 29:1083–1089. 2012.PubMed/NCBI
12	Saunders MM, Taylor AF, Du C, et al: Mechanical stimulation effects on functional end effectors in osteoblastic MG-63 cells. J Biomech. 39:1419–1427. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
13	Yamamoto K, Yamamoto T, Ichioka H, et al: Effects of mechanical stress on cytokine production in mandible-derived osteoblasts. Oral Dis. 17:712–719. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
14	Fujihara S, Yokozeki M, Oba Y, et al: Function and regulation of osteopontin in response to mechanical stress. J Bone Miner Res. 21:956–964. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
15	Kuroda S, Balam TA, Sakai Y, et al: Expression of osteopontin mRNA in odontoclasts revealed by in situ hybridization during experimental tooth movement in mice. J Bone Miner Metab. 23:110–113. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
16	Terai K, Takano-Yamamoto T, Ohba Y, et al: Role of osteopontin in bone remodeling caused by mechanical stress. J Bone Miner Res. 14:839–849. 1999. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
17	Kartsogiannis V, Zhou H, Horwood NJ, et al: Localization of RANKL (receptor activator of NF kappa B ligand) mRNA and protein in skeletal and extraskeletal tissues. Bone. 25:525–534. 1999. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
18	Ikeda T, Utsuyama M and Hirokawa K: Expression profiles of receptor activator of nuclear factor kappaB ligand, receptor activator of nuclear factor kappaB, and osteoprotegerin messenger RNA in aged and ovariectomized rat bones. J Bone Miner Res. 16:1416–1425. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
19	Silvestrini G, Ballanti P, Patacchioli F, et al: Detection of osteoprotegerin (OPG) and its ligand (RANKL) mRNA and protein in femur and tibia of the rat. J Mol Histol. 36:59–67. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
20	Guenther HL, Hofstetter W, Stutzer A, et al: Evidence for heterogeneity of the osteoblastic phenotype determined with clonal rat bone cells established from transforming growth factor-beta-induced cell colonies grown anchorage independently in semisolid medium. Endocrinology. 125:2092–2102. 1989. View Article : Google Scholar
21	Kalajzic I, Staal A, Yang WP, et al: Expression profile of osteoblast lineage at defined stages of differentiation. J Biol Chem. 280:24618–24626. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
22	Corral DA, Amling M, Priemel M, et al: Dissociation between bone resorption and bone formation in osteopenic transgenic mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 95:13835–13840. 1998. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
23	Ducy P, Amling M, Takeda S, et al: Leptin inhibits bone formation through a hypothalamic relay: a central control of bone mass. Cell. 100:197–207. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
24	Jochum W, David JP, Elliott C, et al: Increased bone formation and osteosclerosis in mice overexpressing the transcription factor Fra-1. Nat Med. 6:980–984. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
25	Liu J, Zhao Z, Zou L, et al: Pressure-loaded MSCs during early osteodifferentiation promote osteoclastogenesis by increase of RANKL/OPG ratio. Ann Biomed Eng. 37:794–802. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
26	Zhu J, Zhang X, Wang C, et al: Different magnitudes of tensile strain induce human osteoblasts differentiation associated with the activation of ERK1/2 phosphorylation. Int J Mol Sci. 9:2322–2332. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar
27	Negishi-Koga T, Shinohara M, Komatsu N, et al: Suppression of bone formation by osteoclastic expression of semaphorin 4D. Nat Med. 17:1473–1480. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI