The phenotype, psychotype and genotype of bruxism

Cruz‑Fierro,Norma; Martínez‑Fierro,Margarita; Cerda‑Flores,Ricardo  M.; Gómez‑Govea,Mayra  A.; Delgado‑Enciso,Iván; Martínez‑De‑Villarreal,Laura  E.; González‑Ramírez,Mónica  T.; Rodríguez‑Sánchez,Irám   Pablo

doi:10.3892/br.2018.1041

The phenotype, psychotype and genotype of bruxism

Authors:
- Norma Cruz‑Fierro
- Margarita Martínez‑Fierro
- Ricardo M. Cerda‑Flores
- Mayra A. Gómez‑Govea
- Iván Delgado‑Enciso
- Laura E. Martínez‑De‑Villarreal
- Mónica T. González‑Ramírez
- Irám Pablo Rodríguez‑Sánchez
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Affiliations: Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Psicología, Monterrey, Nuevo León 64460, México, Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Unidad Académica de Medicina Humana y Ciencias de la Salud, La Escondida, Zacatecas 98160, México, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Enfermería, Monterrey, Nuevo León 64460, México, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Ciudad Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León 66451, México, Instituto Estatal de Cáncer, Secretaria de Salud de Colima, La Esperanza, Colima 28085, México, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Genética, Monterrey, Nuevo León 64460, México
Published online on: January 15, 2018 https://doi.org/10.3892/br.2018.1041
Pages: 264-268

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Abstract

Bruxism is a jaw muscle activity that involves physio-pathological, psycho‑social, hereditary and genetic factors. The purpose of this study was to determine the associations between self‑reported bruxism, anxiety, and neuroticism personality trait with the rs6313 polymorphism in the gene HTR2A. A sample of 171 subjects of both sexes (14‑53 years of age) was included. The control group (group 1, n=60) exhibited no signs or symptoms of bruxism. The case group had signs and symptoms of bruxism (n=112) and was subdivided into group 2, bruxism during sleep (n=22); group 3, awake bruxism (n=44); and group 4 combined bruxism (n=46). As diagnostic tools, the Self‑Reported Bruxism Questionnaire (SBQ), the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire Revised‑Abbreviated (EPQR‑A) were used. HTR2A (rs6313) SNPs were determined by qPCR for all the participants. The packages SPSS, maxLik and EPI‑INFO were used for data analysis. The combined bruxism group reported higher scores in bruxism symptoms, mean = 32.21; anxiety symptoms, mean = 14.80; and neuroticism, mean = 3.26. Combined bruxism was associated with a higher degree of neuroticism (OR=15.0; CI 1.52‑148.32) and anxiety in grade 3‑moderate (OR=3.56; CI 1.27‑10.03), and grade 4‑severe (OR=8.40; CI 1.45‑48.61), as determined using EPISODE computer software. Genotypic homogeneity analysis revealed no significant differences in allele frequency (P=0.612) among the four groups. The population was in Hardy‑Weinberg equilibrium (maxLik package). In conclusion, the three instruments confirm traits of bruxism, anxiety and neuroticism in individuals with bruxism. These data were ratified when the sample was divided by genotypic homogeneity. On the other hand, there was no significant difference between the groups in the SNPs rs6313 from the HTR2A gene.

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