Effect of vitamin D supplementation on fasting plasma glucose, insulin resistance and prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus in non‑diabetics: A systematic review and meta‑analysis

He,Sitian; Yu,Songcheng; Zhou,Zonglei; Wang,Chongjian; Wu,Yongjun; Li,Wenjie

doi:10.3892/br.2018.1074

Effect of vitamin D supplementation on fasting plasma glucose, insulin resistance and prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus in non‑diabetics: A systematic review and meta‑analysis

Authors:
- Sitian He
- Songcheng Yu
- Zonglei Zhou
- Chongjian Wang
- Yongjun Wu
- Wenjie Li
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Affiliations: Department of Sanitary Chemistry, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P.R. China, Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P.R. China, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P.R. China
Published online on: March 9, 2018 https://doi.org/10.3892/br.2018.1074
Pages: 475-484

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Abstract

Increasing epidemiological studies suggest that there is an association between vitamin D deficiency and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Therefore, randomized clinical trials (RCTs) have been performed to observe the effect of vitamin D supplementation on preventing T2DM, decreasing fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and improving insulin resistance to confirm the association between vitamin D and T2DM. However, the results of RCTs on controlling FPG level, improving insulin resistance and preventing T2DM in non‑diabetics are inconsistent. In the present study, a systematic meta‑analysis considering individual variation and intervention strategy was conducted to establish an objective and definitive conclusion. The results suggested that vitamin D supplementation had no significant effect on controlling FPG level, improving insulin resistance or preventing T2DM in non‑diabetics in a pooled meta‑analysis of 23 articles (containing 28 RCTs). However, stratified analysis indicated that supplementation of vitamin D had differential effects on FPG control, insulin sensitivity improvement and T2DM prevention in individuals with different baseline states: FPG was decreased for those with BMI <25 (P=0.048) or 20≤ 25(OH)D <30 ng/ml (P=0.002); insulin resistance was improved for those with 25(OH)D ≥30 ng/ml (P=0.021); and risk of T2DM was lower for pre‑diabetic individuals (P=0.047) or for those with 25≤ BMI <30 (P=0.032). Additionally, the effect on T2DM prevention was improved when the supplement dose was >2,000 IU/day (P=0.047) and with intervention without calcium (P=0.047). Thus, further trials should focus on individual baselines and the supplementation strategy of vitamin D in the prevention of T2DM.

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