Epigenetics of oral and oropharyngeal cancers (Review)
Corrigendum in: /10.3892/br.2020.1290
- Authors:
- Daniela Russo
- Francesco Merolla
- Silvia Varricchio
- Giovanni Salzano
- Giovanni Zarrilli
- Massimo Mascolo
- Viviana Strazzullo
- Rosa Maria Di Crescenzo
- Angela Celetti
- Gennaro Ilardi
-
Affiliations: Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Pathology Unit, University of Naples Federico II, Ι-80131 Naples, Italy, Department of Medicine and Health Sciences V. Tiberio, University of Molise, Ι-86100 Campobasso, Italy, Department of Neuroscience and Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, Operative Unit of Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Ι-80131 Naples, Italy, Institute for Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology Gaetano Salvatore, Italian National Council of Research, Ι-80131 Naples, Italy - Published online on: July 27, 2018 https://doi.org/10.3892/br.2018.1136
- Pages: 275-283
-
Copyright : © Russo et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License [CC BY 4.0].
This article is mentioned in:
Abstract
Torre LA, Bray F, Siegel RL, Ferlay J, Lortet-Tieulent J and Jemal A: Global cancer statistics, 2012. CA Cancer J Clin. 65:87–108. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Siegel RL, Miller KD and Jemal A: Cancer statistics, 2016. CA Cancer J Clin. 66:7–30. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Torre LA, Siegel RL, Ward EM and Jemal A: Global cancer incidence and mortality rates and trends - an update. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 25:16–27. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I, Dikshit R, Eser S, Mathers C, Rebelo M, Parkin DM, Forman D and Bray F: Cancer incidence and mortality worldwide: Sources, methods and major patterns in GLOBOCAN 2012. Int J Cancer. 136:E359–E386. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Warnakulasuriya S: Global epidemiology of oral and oropharyngeal cancer. Oral Oncol. 45:309–316. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Gupta B, Johnson NW and Kumar N: Global epidemiology of head and neck cancers: A continuing challenge. Oncology. 91:13–23. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Mydlarz WK, Hennessey PT and Califano JA: Advances and perspectives in the molecular diagnosis of head and neck cancer. Expert Opin Med Diagn. 4:53–65. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Argiris A, Karamouzis MV, Raben D and Ferris RL: Head and neck cancer. Lancet. 371:1695–1709. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Leemans CR, Braakhuis BJM and Brakenhoff RH: The molecular biology of head and neck cancer. Nat Rev Cancer. 11:9–22. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Chaturvedi AK, Engels EA, Anderson WF and Gillison ML: Incidence trends for human papillomavirus-related and -unrelated oral squamous cell carcinomas in the United States. J Clin Oncol. 26:612–619. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Ang KK, Harris J, Wheeler R, Weber R, Rosenthal DI, Nguyen-Tân PF, Westra WH, Chung CH, Jordan RC, Lu C, et al: Human papillomavirus and survival of patients with oropharyngeal cancer. N Engl J Med. 363:24–35. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Slaughter DP, Southwick HW and Smejkal W: Field cancerization in oral stratified squamous epithelium; clinical implications of multicentric origin. Cancer. 6:963–968. 1953. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Tabor MP, Brakenhoff RH, Ruijter-Schippers HJ, Kummer JA, Leemans CR and Braakhuis BJM: Genetically altered fields as origin of locally recurrent head and neck cancer: A retrospective study. Clin Cancer Res. 10:3607–3613. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Prevo LJ, Sanchez CA, Galipeau PC and Reid BJ: p53-mutant clones and field effects in Barrett's esophagus. Cancer Res. 59:4784–4787. 1999.PubMed/NCBI | |
Hawthorn L, Lan L and Mojica W: Evidence for field effect cancerization in colorectal cancer. Genomics. 103:211–221. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Jones TD, Wang M, Eble JN, MacLennan GT, Lopez-Beltran A, Zhang S, Cocco A and Cheng L: Molecular evidence supporting field effect in urothelial carcinogenesis. Clin Cancer Res. 11:6512–6519. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Torezan LAR and Festa-Neto C: Cutaneous field cancerization: Clinical, histopathological and therapeutic aspects. An Bras Dermatol. 88:775–786. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Rivenbark AG and Coleman WB: Field cancerization in mammary carcinogenesis - Implications for prevention and treatment of breast cancer. Exp Mol Pathol. 93:391–398. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Chu TY, Shen CY, Lee HS and Liu HS: Monoclonality and surface lesion-specific microsatellite alterations in premalignant and malignant neoplasia of uterine cervix: A local field effect of genomic instability and clonal evolution. Genes Chromosomes Cancer. 24:127–134. 1999. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Gomperts BN, Spira A, Massion PP, Walser TC, Wistuba II, Minna JD and Dubinett SM: Evolving concepts in lung carcinogenesis. Semin Respir Crit Care Med. 32:32–43. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Kreimer AR, Clifford GM, Boyle P and Franceschi S: Human papillomavirus types in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas worldwide: A systematic review. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 14:467–475. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Hannisdal K, Schjølberg A, De Angelis PM, Boysen M and Clausen OPF: Human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive tonsillar carcinomas are frequent and have a favourable prognosis in males in Norway. Acta Otolaryngol. 130:293–299. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Attner P, Du J, Näsman A, Hammarstedt L, Ramqvist T, Lindholm J, Marklund L, Dalianis T and Munck-Wikland E: The role of human papillomavirus in the increased incidence of base of tongue cancer. Int J Cancer. 126:2879–2884. 2010.PubMed/NCBI | |
Ramqvist T, Grün N and Dalianis T: Human papillomavirus and tonsillar and base of tongue cancer. Viruses. 7:1332–1343. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Ghittoni R, Accardi R, Hasan U, Gheit T, Sylla B and Tommasino M: The biological properties of E6 and E7 oncoproteins from human papillomaviruses. Virus Genes. 40:1–13. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Huibregtse JM, Scheffner M and Howley PM: A cellular protein mediates association of p53 with the E6 oncoprotein of human papillomavirus types 16 or 18. EMBO J. 10:4129–4135. 1991. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Scheffner M, Huibregtse JM, Vierstra RD and Howley PM: The HPV-16 E6 and E6-AP complex functions as a ubiquitin-protein ligase in the ubiquitination of p53. Cell. 75:495–505. 1993. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Mascolo M, Ilardi G, Romano MF, Celetti A, Siano M, Romano S, Luise C, Merolla F, Rocco A, Vecchione ML, et al: Overexpression of chromatin assembly factor-1 p60, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 and nestin predicts metastasizing behaviour of oral cancer. Histopathology. 61:1089–1105. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Aquino G, Pannone G, Santoro A, Liguori G, Franco R, Serpico R, Florio G, de Rosa A, Mattoni M, Cozza V, et al: pEGFR-Tyr 845 expression as prognostic factors in oral squamous cell carcinoma: A tissue-microarray study with clinic-pathological correlations. Cancer Biol Ther. 13:967–977. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Pannone G, Rodolico V, Santoro A, Lo Muzio L, Franco R, Botti G, Aquino G, Pedicillo MC, Cagiano S, Campisi G, et al: Evaluation of a combined triple method to detect causative HPV in oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas: p16 Immunohistochemistry, Consensus PCR HPV-DNA, and In Situ Hybridization. Infect Agent Cancer. 7:42012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Santoro A, Pannone G, Papagerakis S, McGuff HS, Cafarelli B, Lepore S, De Maria S, Rubini C, Mattoni M, Staibano S, et al: Beta-catenin and epithelial tumors: A study based on 374 oropharyngeal cancers. BioMed Res Int. 2014:9482642014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Russo D, Merolla F, Mascolo M, Ilardi G, Romano S, Varricchio S, Napolitano V, Celetti A, Postiglione L, Di Lorenzo PP, et al: FKBP51 immunohistochemical expression: A new prognostic biomarker for OSCC? Int J Mol Sci. 18:4432017. View Article : Google Scholar | |
Mascolo M, Ilardi G, Merolla F, Russo D, Vecchione ML, de Rosa G and Staibano S: Tissue microarray-based evaluation of Chromatin Assembly Factor-1 (CAF-1)/p60 as tumour prognostic marker. Int J Mol Sci. 13:11044–11062. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Lo Muzio L, Campisi G, Giovannelli L, Ammatuna P, Greco I, Staibano S, Pannone G, De Rosa G, Di Liberto C and D'Angelo M: HPV DNA and survivin expression in epithelial oral carcinogenesis: A relationship? Oral Oncol. 40:1–741. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Weinberger PM, Yu Z, Kountourakis P, Sasaki C, Haffty BG, Kowalski D, Merkley MA, Rimm DL, Camp RL and Psyrri A: Defining molecular phenotypes of human papillomavirus-associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma: Validation of three-class hypothesis. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 141:382–389. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Jung AC, Briolat J, Millon R, de Reyniès A, Rickman D, Thomas E, Abecassis J, Clavel C and Wasylyk B: Biological and clinical relevance of transcriptionally active human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in oropharynx squamous cell carcinoma. Int J Cancer. 126:1882–1894. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Tomar S, Graves CA, Altomare D, Kowli S, Kassler S, Sutkowski N, Gillespie MB, Creek KE and Pirisi L: Human papillomavirus status and gene expression profiles of oropharyngeal and oral cancers from European American and African American patients. Head Neck. 38 Suppl 1:e694–e704. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Johannsen E and Lambert PF: Epigenetics of human papillomaviruses. Virology. 445:205–212. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Gameiro SF, Kolendowski B, Zhang A, Barrett JW, Nichols AC, Torchia J and Mymryk JS: Human papillomavirus dysregulates the cellular apparatus controlling the methylation status of H3K27 in different human cancers to consistently alter gene expression regardless of tissue of origin. Oncotarget. 8:72564–72576. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Gupta PC, Murti PR, Bhonsle RB, Mehta FS and Pindborg JJ: Effect of cessation of tobacco use on the incidence of oral mucosal lesions in a 10 yr follow-up study of 12,212 users. Oral Dis. 1:54–58. 1995. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Saman DM: A review of the epidemiology of oral and pharyngeal carcinoma: Update. Head Neck Oncol. 4:12012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Gandini S, Botteri E, Iodice S, Boniol M, Lowenfels AB, Maisonneuve P and Boyle P: Tobacco smoking and cancer: A meta-analysis. Int J Cancer. 122:155–164. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Marron M, Boffetta P, Zhang Z-F, Zaridze D, Wünsch-Filho V, Winn DM, Wei Q, Talamini R, Szeszenia-Dabrowska N, Sturgis EM, et al: Cessation of alcohol drinking, tobacco smoking and the reversal of head and neck cancer risk. Int J Epidemiol. 39:182–196. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Mahapatra S, Kamath R, Shetty BK and Binu VS: Risk of oral cancer associated with gutka and other tobacco products: A hospital-based case-control study. J Cancer Res Ther. 11:199–203. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Reidy J, McHugh E and Stassen LFA: A review of the relationship between alcohol and oral cancer. Surgeon. 9:278–283. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Epstein MA, Achong BG and Barr YM: Virus particles in cultured lymphoblasts from burkitt's lymphoma. Lancet. 1:702–703. 1964. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer), . Epstein-Barr virus. A review o. IARC; Lyon: 2012 | |
Prabhu SR and Wilson DF: Evidence of Epstein-Barr virus association with head and neck cancers: a review. J Can Dent Assoc. 82:g22016.PubMed/NCBI | |
Higa M, Kinjo T, Kamiyama K, Iwamasa T, Hamada T and Iyama K: Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) subtype in EBV related oral squamous cell carcinoma in Okinawa, a subtropical island in southern Japan, compared with Kitakyushu and Kumamoto in mainland Japan. J Clin Pathol. 55:414–423. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Dawson MA and Kouzarides T: Cancer epigenetics: From mechanism to therapy. Cell. 150:12–27. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Jones PA and Baylin SB: The fundamental role of epigenetic events in cancer. Nat Rev Genet. 3:415–428. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Hema KN, Smitha T, Sheethal HS and Mirnalini SA: Epigenetics in oral squamous cell carcinoma. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol. 21:252–259. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Mascolo M, Siano M, Ilardi G, Russo D, Merolla F, De Rosa G and Staibano S: Epigenetic disregulation in oral cancer. Int J Mol Sci. 13:2331–2353. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Mitsukawa K, Lu X and Bartfai T: Galanin, galanin receptors and drug targets. Cell Mol Life Sci. 65:1796–1805. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Kanazawa T, Misawa K and Carey TE: Galanin receptor subtypes 1 and 2 as therapeutic targets in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Expert Opin Ther Targets. 14:289–302. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Kanazawa T, Iwashita T, Kommareddi P, Nair T, Misawa K, Misawa Y, Ueda Y, Tono T and Carey TE: Galanin and galanin receptor type 1 suppress proliferation in squamous carcinoma cells: Activation of the extracellular signal regulated kinase pathway and induction of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors. Oncogene. 26:5762–5771. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Kanazawa T, Kommareddi PK, Iwashita T, Kumar B, Misawa K, Misawa Y, Jang I, Nair TS, Iino Y and Carey TE: Galanin receptor subtype 2 suppresses cell proliferation and induces apoptosis in p53 mutant head and neck cancer cells. Clin Cancer Res. 15:2222–2230. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Misawa K, Misawa Y, Kanazawa T, Mochizuki D, Imai A, Endo S, Carey TE and Mineta H: Epigenetic inactivation of galanin and GALR1/2 is associated with early recurrence in head and neck cancer. Clin Exp Metastasis. 33:187–195. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Khammanivong A, Wang C, Sorenson BS, Ross KF and Herzberg MC: S100A8/A9 (calprotectin) negatively regulates G2/M cell cycle progression and growth of squamous cell carcinoma. PLoS One. 8:e693952013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Khammanivong A, Sorenson BS, Ross KF, Dickerson EB, Hasina R, Lingen MW and Herzberg MC: Involvement of calprotectin (S100A8/A9) in molecular pathways associated with HNSCC. Oncotarget. 7:14029–14047. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Hessian PA and Fisher L: The heterodimeric complex of MRP-8 (S100A8) and MRP-14 (S100A9). Antibody recognition, epitope definition and the implications for structure. Eur J Biochem. 268:353–363. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Lim Y, Sun CX, Tran P and Punyadeera C: Salivary epigenetic biomarkers in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas. Biomarkers Med. 10:301–313. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar | |
Ovchinnikov DA, Cooper MA, Pandit P, Coman WB, Cooper-White JJ, Keith P, Wolvetang EJ, Slowey PD and Punyadeera C: Tumor-suppressor Gene Promoter Hypermethylation in Saliva of Head and Neck Cancer Patients. Transl Oncol. 5:321–326. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Pfaffe T, Cooper-White J, Beyerlein P, Kostner K and Punyadeera C: Diagnostic potential of saliva: Current state and future applications. Clin Chem. 57:675–687. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Collet C and Candy J: How many insulin-like growth factor binding proteins? Mol Cell Endocrinol. 139:1–6. 1998. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Chen Y, Cui T, Knösel T, Yang L, Zöller K and Petersen I: IGFBP7 is a p53 target gene inactivated in human lung cancer by DNA hypermethylation. Lung Cancer. 73:38–44. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Chen LH, Liu DW, Chang JL, Chen PR, Hsu LP, Lin HY, Chou YF, Lee CF, Yang MC, Wen YH, et al: Methylation status of insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 7 concurs with the malignance of oral tongue cancer. J Exp Clin Cancer Res. 34:202015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Segre JA, Bauer C and Fuchs E: Klf4 is a transcription factor required for establishing the barrier function of the skin. Nat Genet. 22:356–360. 1999. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Feinberg MW, Wara AK, Cao Z, Lebedeva MA, Rosenbauer F, Iwasaki H, Hirai H, Katz JP, Haspel RL, Gray S, et al: The Kruppel-like factor KLF4 is a critical regulator of monocyte differentiation. EMBO J. 26:4138–4148. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Schmidt R and Plath K: The roles of the reprogramming factors Oct4, Sox2 and Klf4 in resetting the somatic cell epigenome during induced pluripotent stem cell generation. Genome Biol. 13:2512012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Wei D, Gong W, Kanai M, Schlunk C, Wang L, Yao JC, Wu TT, Huang S and Xie K: Drastic down-regulation of Krüppel-like factor 4 expression is critical in human gastric cancer development and progression. Cancer Res. 65:2746–2754. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Le Magnen C, Bubendorf L, Ruiz C, Zlobec I, Bachmann A, Heberer M, Spagnoli GC, Wyler S and Mengus C: Klf4 transcription factor is expressed in the cytoplasm of prostate cancer cells. Eur J Cancer. 49:955–963. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Naranjo Gómez JM, Bernal JFV, Arranz PG, Fernández SL and Roman JJG: Alterations in the expression of p53, KLF4, and p21 in neuroendocrine lung tumors. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 138:936–942. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Ohnishi S, Ohnami S, Laub F, Aoki K, Suzuki K, Kanai Y, Haga K, Asaka M, Ramirez F and Yoshida T: Downregulation and growth inhibitory effect of epithelial-type Krüppel-like transcription factor KLF4, but not KLF5, in bladder cancer. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 308:251–256. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Li W, Liu M, Su Y, Zhou X, Liu Y and Zhang X: The Janus-faced roles of Krüppel-like factor 4 in oral squamous cell carcinoma cells. Oncotarget. 6:44480–44494. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Guillemin R: Hypothalamic hormones a.k.a. hypothalamic releasing factors. J Endocrinol. 184:11–28. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Theodoropoulou M and Stalla GK: Somatostatin receptors: From signaling to clinical practice. Front Neuroendocrinol. 34:228–252. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Lamberts SW, van der Lely AJ, de Herder WW and Hofland LJ: Octreotide. N Engl J Med. 334:246–254. 1996. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Misawa K, Misawa Y, Kondo H, Mochizuki D, Imai A, Fukushima H, Uehara T, Kanazawa T and Mineta H: Aberrant methylation inactivates somatostatin and somatostatin receptor type 1 in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. PLoS One. 10:e01185882015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Esquela-Kerscher A and Slack FJ: Oncomirs - microRNAs with a role in cancer. Nat Rev Cancer. 6:259–269. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Peschiaroli A, Giacobbe A, Formosa A, Markert EK, Bongiorno-Borbone L, Levine AJ, Candi E, D'Alessandro A, Zolla L, Finazzi Agrò A, et al: miR-143 regulates hexokinase 2 expression in cancer cells. Oncogene. 32:797–802. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Huang WC, Chan SH, Jang TH, Chang JW, Ko YC, Yen TC, Chiang SL, Chiang WF, Shieh TY, Liao CT, et al: miRNA-491-5p and GIT1 serve as modulators and biomarkers for oral squamous cell carcinoma invasion and metastasis. Cancer Res. 74:751–764. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Alterio D, Bacigalupo A, Cantù G, et al: Linee guida - Tumori della testa e del collo. Aiom, Milano. 2016.(In Italian). | |
Colevas AD, Yom SS, Pfister DG, Spencer S, Adelstein D, Adkins D, Brizel DM, Burtness B, Busse PM, Caudell JJ, et al: Head and neck cancers, version 1.2018. J Natl Compr Canc Netw. 16:479–490. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Chiappinelli KB, Strissel PL, Desrichard A, Li H, Henke C, Akman B, Hein A, Rote NS, Cope LM, Snyder A, et al: Inhibiting DNA methylation causes an interferon response in cancer via dsRNA including endogenous retroviruses. Cell. 162:974–986. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Roulois D, Loo Yau H, Singhania R, Wang Y, Danesh A, Shen SY, Han H, Liang G, Jones PA, Pugh TJ, et al: DNA-demethylating agents target colorectal cancer cells by inducing viral mimicry by endogenous transcripts. Cell. 162:961–973. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Nabet BY, Qiu Y, Shabason JE, Wu TJ, Yoon T, Kim BC, Benci JL, DeMichele AM, Tchou J, Marcotrigiano J, et al: Exosome RNA unshielding couples stromal activation to pattern recognition receptor signaling in cancer. Cell. 170:352–366.e13. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Yang X, Han H, De Carvalho DD, Lay FD, Jones PA and Liang G: Gene body methylation can alter gene expression and is a therapeutic target in cancer. Cancer Cell. 26:577–590. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Jones PA, Issa J-PJ and Baylin S: Targeting the cancer epigenome for therapy. Nat Rev Genet. 17:630–641. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Mani S and Herceg Z: DNA demethylating agents and epigenetic therapy of cancer. Adv Genet. 70:327–340. 2010.PubMed/NCBI | |
Hammond SM: An overview of microRNAs. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 87:3–14. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Li Y, Geng P, Jiang W, Wang Y, Yao J, Lin X, Liu J, Huang L, Su B and Chen H: Enhancement of radiosensitivity by 5-Aza-CdR through activation of G2/M checkpoint response and apoptosis in osteosarcoma cells. Tumour Biol. 35:4831–4839. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Festuccia C, Gravina GL, D'Alessandro AM, Muzi P, Millimaggi D, Dolo V, Ricevuto E, Vicentini C and Bologna M: Azacitidine improves antitumor effects of docetaxel and cisplatin in aggressive prostate cancer models. Endocr Relat Cancer. 16:401–413. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Qiu H, Yashiro M, Shinto O, Matsuzaki T and Hirakawa K: DNA methyltransferase inhibitor 5-aza-CdR enhances the radiosensitivity of gastric cancer cells. Cancer Sci. 100:181–188. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Brieger J, Mann SA, Pongsapich W, Koutsimpelas D, Fruth K and Mann WJ: Pharmacological genome demethylation increases radiosensitivity of head and neck squamous carcinoma cells. Int J Mol Med. 29:505–509. 2012.PubMed/NCBI | |
De Schutter H, Kimpe M, Isebaert S and Nuyts S: A systematic assessment of radiation dose enhancement by 5-Aza-2′-deoxycytidine and histone deacetylase inhibitors in head-and-neck squamous cell carcinoma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 73:904–912. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Huang S-H and O'Sullivan B: Oral cancer: Current role of radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 18:e233–e240. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Basu T, Laskar SG, Gupta T, Budrukkar A, Murthy V and Agarwal JP: Toxicity with radiotherapy for oral cancers and its management: A practical approach. J Cancer Res Ther. 8 Suppl 1:S72–S84. 2012.PubMed/NCBI | |
Sun W, Zaboli D, Liu Y, Arnaoutakis D, Khan T, Wang H, Koch W, Khan Z and Califano JA: Comparison of promoter hypermethylation pattern in salivary rinses collected with and without an exfoliating brush from patients with HNSCC. PLoS One. 7:e336422012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Schussel J, Zhou XC, Zhang Z, Pattani K, Bermudez F, Jean-Charles G, McCaffrey T, Padhya T, Phelan J, Spivakovsky S, et al: EDNRB and DCC salivary rinse hypermethylation has a similar performance as expert clinical examination in discrimination of oral cancer/dysplasia versus benign lesions. Clin Cancer Res. 19:3268–3275. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Lima LMC, de Souza LR, da Silva TF, Pereira CS, Guimarães ALS, de Paula AMB and de Andrade Carvalho H: DNA repair gene excision repair cross complementing-group 1 (ERCC1) in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: Analysis of methylation and polymorphism (G19007A), protein expression and association with epidemiological and clinicopathological factors. Histopathology. 60:489–496. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Guerrero-Preston R, Soudry E, Acero J, Orera M, Moreno-López L, Macía-Colón G, Jaffe A, Berdasco M, Ili-Gangas C, Brebi-Mieville P, et al: NID2 and HOXA9 promoter hypermethylation as biomarkers for prevention and early detection in oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma tissues and saliva. Cancer Prev Res (Phila). 4:1061–1072. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Demokan S, Chang X, Chuang A, Mydlarz WK, Kaur J, Huang P, Khan Z, Khan T, Ostrow KL, Brait M, et al: KIF1A and EDNRB are differentially methylated in primary HNSCC and salivary rinses. Int J Cancer. 127:2351–2359. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Ovchinnikov DA, Wan Y, Coman WB, Pandit P, Cooper-White JJ, Herman JG and Punyadeera C: DNA Methylation at the Novel CpG Sites in the Promoter of MED15/PCQAP Gene as a Biomarker for Head and Neck Cancers. Biomark Insight. 9:53–60. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar | |
Sun W, Zaboli D, Wang H, Liu Y, Arnaoutakis D, Khan T, Khan Z, Koch WM and Califano JA: Detection of TIMP3 promoter hypermethylation in salivary rinse as an independent predictor of local recurrence-free survival in head and neck cancer. Clin Cancer Res. 18:1082–1091. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Huang YK, Peng BY, Wu CY, Su CT, Wang HC and Lai HC: DNA methylation of PAX1 as a biomarker for oral squamous cell carcinoma. Clin Oral Investig. 18:801–808. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Rettori MM, de Carvalho AC, Bomfim Longo AL, de Oliveira CZ, Kowalski LP, Carvalho AL and Vettore AL: Prognostic significance of TIMP3 hypermethylation in post-treatment salivary rinse from head and neck squamous cell carcinoma patients. Carcinogenesis. 34:20–27. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Momen-Heravi F, Trachtenberg AJ, Kuo WP and Cheng YS: Genomewide Study of Salivary MicroRNAs for Detection of Oral Cancer. J Dent Res. 93 Suppl:86S–93S. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Salazar C, Calvopiña D and Punyadeera C: miRNAs in human papilloma virus associated oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas. Expert Rev Mol Diagn. 14:1033–1040. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Liu CJ, Lin SC, Yang CC, Cheng HW and Chang KW: Exploiting salivary miR-31 as a clinical biomarker of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Head Neck. 34:219–224. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Salazar C, Nagadia R, Pandit P, Cooper-White J, Banerjee N, Dimitrova N, Coman WB and Punyadeera C: A novel saliva-based microRNA biomarker panel to detect head and neck cancers. Cell Oncol (Dordr). 37:331–338. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Park NJ, Zhou H, Elashoff D, Henson BS, Kastratovic DA, Abemayor E and Wong DT: Salivary microRNA: Discovery, characterization, and clinical utility for oral cancer detection. Clin Cancer Res. 15:5473–5477. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Wiklund ED, Gao S, Hulf T, Sibbritt T, Nair S, Costea DE, Villadsen SB, Bakholdt V, Bramsen JB, Sørensen JA, et al: MicroRNA alterations and associated aberrant DNA methylation patterns across multiple sample types in oral squamous cell carcinoma. PLoS One. 6:e278402011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI |