Pharmacokinetics of 10‑gingerol and 6‑shogaol in the plasma of healthy subjects treated with red ginger (Zingiber officinale var. Rubrum) suspension

Levita,Jutti; Syafitri,Dina Mulyana; Supu,Rini  Daud; Mutakin,Mutakin; Megantara,Sandra; Febrianti,Maya; Diantini,Ajeng

doi:10.3892/br.2018.1163

Pharmacokinetics of 10‑gingerol and 6‑shogaol in the plasma of healthy subjects treated with red ginger (Zingiber officinale var. Rubrum) suspension

Authors:
- Jutti Levita
- Dina Mulyana Syafitri
- Rini Daud Supu
- Mutakin Mutakin
- Sandra Megantara
- Maya Febrianti
- Ajeng Diantini
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Affiliations: Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Padjadjaran University, Jatinangor, West Java 45363, Indonesia, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Padjadjaran University, Jatinangor, West Java 45363, Indonesia, Department of Biological Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Padjadjaran University, Jatinangor, West Java 45363, Indonesia, Clinical Pharmacy, Riau Islands General Hospital, Tanjung Pinang, Riau Islands 29125, Indonesia
Published online on: October 23, 2018 https://doi.org/10.3892/br.2018.1163
Pages: 474-482
Copyright: © Levita et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.

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Abstract

Red ginger (Zingiber officinale var. Rubrum) is among the most widely consumed medicinal herbs in Indonesia. Ginger rhizome contains phenol compounds including gingerol and shogaol. 10‑gingerol has been reported to exhibit the greatest anti‑inflammatory and anti‑oxidant activities compared with those of other gingerols. Pharmacokinetic studies on ginger have been reported, but there is a lack of such study on red ginger. The present work studied the pharmacokinetics of 10‑gingerol and 6‑shogaol in the plasma of healthy subjects treated with a single dose of red ginger suspension. Healthy subjects (n=19) were given a single dose of red ginger suspension (2 g/15 ml), and blood samples were taken at baseline (0 min), 30, 60, 90, 120, and 180 min. Analysis of 10‑gingerol and 6‑shogaol was performed by dissolving 200 µl of the subjects' plasma in 800 µl acetonitrile. The mixture was vortexed and centrifuged at 20,440 x g for 15 min at room temperature. The supernatant was filtered using Millipore membrane (pore size 0.2 µm) and injected into an RP‑C18 column for liquid chromatography‑mass spectrometry. A mixture of 0.1% (v/v) formic acid in water and acetonitrile (38:62) was used as the mobile phase. The maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) and time to reach Cmax of 10‑gingerol and 6‑shogaol were 160.49 ng/ml (38 min) and 453.40 ng/ml (30 min), respectively. The elimination half‑lives were 336 and 149 min for 10‑gingerol and 6‑shogaol, respectively. Thus, 10‑gingerol and 6‑shogaol were absorbed after per oral single dose of red ginger suspension and could be quantified in the plasma of the healthy subjects. Additionally, the red ginger analytes exhibited relatively slow elimination half‑lives.

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