Open Access

Flare‑up of cytokines in rheumatoid arthritis and their role in triggering depression: Shared common function and their possible applications in treatment (Review)

  • Authors:
    • Chunhai Zhang
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  • Published online on: November 19, 2020     https://doi.org/10.3892/br.2020.1392
  • Article Number: 16
  • Copyright: © Zhang . This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.

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Abstract

Chronic illnesses are associated with an increased risk of depression and anxiety. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease that typically causes damage to the joints. RA extensively impacts patients, both physically and psychologically. Depression is a common comorbid disorder with RA, which leads to worsened health outcomes. There are several cytokines that are active in the joints of patients with RA. Inflammatory cytokines serve important roles in the key processes in the joints, which usually cause inflammation, articular damage and other comorbidities associated with RA. The key role of inflammatory cytokines could be attributed to their interactions within signaling pathways. In RA, IL‑1, and the cytokines of TNF‑α, IL‑6 and IL‑18 are primarily involved. Furthermore, depression is hypothesized to be strongly associated with systemic inflammation, particularly with dysregulation of the cytokine network. The present review summarizes the current state of knowledge on these two diseases from the perspective of inflammation and cytokines, and emphasizes the possible bridge between them by exploring the involvement of systemic cytokines in both conditions.
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January-2021
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Spandidos Publications style
Zhang C: Flare‑up of cytokines in rheumatoid arthritis and their role in triggering depression: Shared common function and their possible applications in treatment (Review). Biomed Rep 14: 16, 2021.
APA
Zhang, C. (2021). Flare‑up of cytokines in rheumatoid arthritis and their role in triggering depression: Shared common function and their possible applications in treatment (Review). Biomedical Reports, 14, 16. https://doi.org/10.3892/br.2020.1392
MLA
Zhang, C."Flare‑up of cytokines in rheumatoid arthritis and their role in triggering depression: Shared common function and their possible applications in treatment (Review)". Biomedical Reports 14.1 (2021): 16.
Chicago
Zhang, C."Flare‑up of cytokines in rheumatoid arthritis and their role in triggering depression: Shared common function and their possible applications in treatment (Review)". Biomedical Reports 14, no. 1 (2021): 16. https://doi.org/10.3892/br.2020.1392