Relationship between total vitamin D metabolites and complications in patients with type 2 diabetes

Ahmed,Lina H.Μ.; Butler,Alexandra E.; Dargham,Soha R.; Latif,Aishah; Ahmed,Elhadi A.; Hassan,Abubaker; Atkin,Stephen L.

doi:10.3892/br.2020.1394

Relationship between total vitamin D metabolites and complications in patients with type 2 diabetes

Authors:
- Lina H.Μ. Ahmed
- Alexandra E. Butler
- Soha R. Dargham
- Aishah Latif
- Elhadi A. Ahmed
- Abubaker Hassan
- Stephen L. Atkin
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Affiliations: Research Department, Weill Cornell Medicine‑Qatar, P.O. Box 24144, Doha, Qatar, Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, P.O. Box 34110, Doha, Qatar, Antidoping Laboratory Qatar, P.O. Box 27775, Doha, Qatar, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of Gezira, P.O. Box 20, Wad Medani, Sudan, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, P.O. Box 15503, Manama, Bahrain
Published online on: November 23, 2020 https://doi.org/10.3892/br.2020.1394
Article Number: 18
Copyright: © Ahmed et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.

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Abstract

In our previous study, it was shown that endogenous vitamin D₃ and its metabolites are associated with diabetic microvascular complications and cardiovascular risk factors. The aim of the present study was to determine if the relationship between total vitamin D (vitamin D₂ supplements plus endogenous vitamin D₃) was a better predictor of complications in type 2 diabetes (T2DM). A total of 460 patients with T2DM participated in the present cross‑sectional study. Plasma levels of total vitamin D and its metabolites (1,25‑dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)D), 25‑hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and 24,25‑dihydroxyvitamin D (24,25(OH)D) were measured by isotope‑dilution liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry analysis. 1,25‑dihydroxyvitamin D₃ and 25‑hydroxyvitamin D₃ were associated with diabetic retinopathy and coronary artery disease, but total 1,25‑dihydroxyvitamin D and total 25‑hydroxyvitamin D levels were not statistically associated with any complications. Total 1,25‑dihydroxyvitamin D showed the same positive association as 1,25‑dihydroxyvitamin D₃ for hypertension and dyslipidemia, and total 25‑hydroxyvitamin D showed the same positive association as 25‑hydroxyvitamin D₃ for dyslipidemia. Total 24,25‑dihydroxyvitamin D showed the same positive association only with dyslipidemia as did 24,25‑dihydroxyvitamin D₃. However, total 25‑hydroxyvitamin D was associated with hypertension, whereas 25‑hydroxyvitamin D₃ was not. Vitamin D₃ metabolites were associated with diabetic retinopathy, whereas total vitamin D levels were not, suggesting that endogenous vitamin D₃ metabolites are a better measure of diabetic microvascular complications. However, both total vitamin D and vitamin D₃ metabolites were associated with cardiovascular risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes.

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