Possible role of low dose dexamethasone administration in listeria monocytogenes meningoencephalitis: A case series

Moscatt,Vittoria; Marino,Andrea; Ceccarelli,Manuela; Cosentino,Federica; Zagami,Aldo; Celesia,Benedetto Maurizio; Nunnari,Giuseppe; Cacopardo,Bruno

doi:10.3892/br.2022.1556

Possible role of low dose dexamethasone administration in listeria monocytogenes meningoencephalitis: A case series

Authors:
- Vittoria Moscatt
- Andrea Marino
- Manuela Ceccarelli
- Federica Cosentino
- Aldo Zagami
- Benedetto Maurizio Celesia
- Giuseppe Nunnari
- Bruno Cacopardo
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Affiliations: Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Unit of Infectious Diseases, University of Messina, I-98124 Messina, Sicily, Italy, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, I-95122 Catania, Italy, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, ARNAS Garibaldi Hospital, University of Catania, I-95122 Catania, Italy
Published online on: July 11, 2022 https://doi.org/10.3892/br.2022.1556
Article Number: 73
Copyright: © Moscatt et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.

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Abstract

Listeria (L.) monocytogenes is a gram‑positive, non‑sporulating, facultatively anaerobic bacillus transmitted to humans through ingestion of contaminated foods. Listeriosis represents the third most common cause of death from foodborne illness, with a mortality rate of 20‑30%, especially for patients affected by an invasive disease, which typically affects immunocompromised patients, pregnant women, the elderly, and neonates. It causes several clinical syndromes, of which meningitis, meningoencephalitis, and sepsis are the most challenging to deal with. Here, five cases of L. monocytogenes meningitis/meningoencephalitis affecting two previously healthy immunocompetent and three immunocompromised adult patients treated with ampicillin plus gentamicin are reported. In addition, all the patients described in this report received a low dose of intravenous dexamethasone; four of them made a full recovery. Additionally, a literature search was performed to better explain the appropriate clinical and therapeutic management approaches for these patients, highlighting the value of dexamethasone administration as part of the therapy.

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