Open Access

Antiviral agents and disinfectants for foot‑and‑mouth disease (Review)

  • Authors:
    • Takashi Onodera
    • Akikazu Sakudo
    • Katsuaki Sugiura
    • Makoto Haritani
    • Koichi Furusaki
    • Rikio Kirisawa
  • View Affiliations

  • Published online on: July 18, 2023     https://doi.org/10.3892/br.2023.1639
  • Article Number: 57
  • Copyright: © Onodera et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.

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Abstract

Fluorouracil, 5‑azacytidine, 6‑azauridine, ribavirin, favipiravir (T‑705) and its derivative (T‑1105) exhibit anti‑foot‑and‑mouth disease virus (FMDV) effects. In particular, T‑1105 exhibits promising results when administered to guinea pigs orally, and pigs in their feed. FMDV is excreted in the early stages of infection in aerosols and oral or nasal droplets from animals. T‑1105 along with the FMDV vaccine can be used to combat foot‑and‑mouth disease (FMD) epidemics. Several studies have shown that sodium hypochlorous solutions are widely used to inactivate viruses, including FMDV. However, these solutions must be stored under cool and dark conditions to maintain their virucidal effects. Interestingly, a study indicated that the virucidal activity of a calcium bicarbonate solution with a mesoscopic structure (CAC‑717) did not decrease after storage at room temperature for at least four years outside direct sunlight. Numerous lessons acquired from the 2010 FMD outbreak in Japan are relevant for the control of COVID‑19. However, the widespread use of chlorite can cause environmental issues. Chlorite can be combined with nitrogen to produce chloramine or N‑nitrosodimethylamine, which plays a role in carcinogenesis. Therefore, risk assessments should be conducted in aquatic environments. Moreover, there is a need to develop nonchlorine disinfectants that can be used during epidemics, including FMD. The approach of ‘One Health’ should be shared between the public health and veterinary fields to improve the management of viral outbreaks, including those due to FMD.
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September-2023
Volume 19 Issue 3

Print ISSN: 2049-9434
Online ISSN:2049-9442

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Spandidos Publications style
Onodera T, Sakudo A, Sugiura K, Haritani M, Furusaki K and Kirisawa R: Antiviral agents and disinfectants for foot‑and‑mouth disease (Review). Biomed Rep 19: 57, 2023
APA
Onodera, T., Sakudo, A., Sugiura, K., Haritani, M., Furusaki, K., & Kirisawa, R. (2023). Antiviral agents and disinfectants for foot‑and‑mouth disease (Review). Biomedical Reports, 19, 57. https://doi.org/10.3892/br.2023.1639
MLA
Onodera, T., Sakudo, A., Sugiura, K., Haritani, M., Furusaki, K., Kirisawa, R."Antiviral agents and disinfectants for foot‑and‑mouth disease (Review)". Biomedical Reports 19.3 (2023): 57.
Chicago
Onodera, T., Sakudo, A., Sugiura, K., Haritani, M., Furusaki, K., Kirisawa, R."Antiviral agents and disinfectants for foot‑and‑mouth disease (Review)". Biomedical Reports 19, no. 3 (2023): 57. https://doi.org/10.3892/br.2023.1639