Open Access

In vitro evaluation of the anti‑breast cancer properties and gene expression profiles of Thai traditional formulary medicine extracts

  • Authors:
    • Ariya Khamwut
    • Pavit Klomkliew
    • Watthanachai Jumpathong
    • Pornchai Kaewsapsak
    • Prangwalai Chanchaem
    • Pavaret Sivapornnukul
    • Kridsana Chantanakat
    • Nattanan Panjaworayan T‑Thienprasert
    • Sunchai Payungporn
  • View Affiliations

  • Published online on: August 30, 2023     https://doi.org/10.3892/br.2023.1652
  • Article Number: 70
  • Copyright: © Khamwut et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.

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Abstract

Breast cancer is a leading cause of cancer‑related deaths worldwide. Moreover, standard treatments are limited, so new alternative treatments are required. Thai traditional formulary medicine (TTFM) utilizes certain herbs to treat different diseases due to their dominant properties including anti‑fungal, anti‑bacterial, antigenotoxic, anti‑inflammatory and anti‑cancer actions. However, very little is known about the anti‑cancer properties of TTFM against breast cancer cells and the underlying molecular mechanism has not been elucidated. Therefore, the present study, evaluated the metabolite profiles of TTFM extracts, the anti‑cancer activities of TTFM extracts, their effects on the apoptosis pathway and associated gene expression profiles. Liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectroscopy analysis identified a total of 226 compounds within the TTFM extracts. Several of these compounds have been previously shown to have an anti‑cancer effect in certain cancer types. The MTT results demonstrated that the TTFM extracts significantly reduced the cell viability of the breast cancer 4T1 and MDA‑MB‑231 cell lines. Moreover, an apoptosis assay, demonstrated that the TTFM extracts significantly increased the proportion of apoptotic cells. Furthermore, the RNA‑sequencing results demonstrated that 25 known genes were affected by TTFM treatment in 4T1 cells. TTFM treatment significantly up‑regulated Slc5a8 and Arhgap9 expression compared with untreated cells. Moreover, Cybb, and Bach2os were significantly downregulated after TTFM treatment compared with untreated cells. Reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR demonstrated that TTFM extract treatment significantly increased Slc5a8 and Arhgap9 mRNA expression levels and significantly decreased Cybb mRNA expression levels. Moreover, the mRNA expression levels of Bax and Casp9 were significantly increased after TTFM treatment in 4T1 cells compared with EpH4‑Ev cells. These findings indicated anti‑breast cancer activity via induction of the apoptotic process. However, further experiments are required to elucidate how TTFM specifically regulates genes and proteins. This study supports the potential usage of TTFM extracts for the development of anti‑cancer drugs.
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October-2023
Volume 19 Issue 4

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Spandidos Publications style
Khamwut A, Klomkliew P, Jumpathong W, Kaewsapsak P, Chanchaem P, Sivapornnukul P, Chantanakat K, T‑Thienprasert NP and Payungporn S: <em>In vitro</em> evaluation of the anti‑breast cancer properties and gene expression profiles of Thai traditional formulary medicine extracts. Biomed Rep 19: 70, 2023.
APA
Khamwut, A., Klomkliew, P., Jumpathong, W., Kaewsapsak, P., Chanchaem, P., Sivapornnukul, P. ... Payungporn, S. (2023). <em>In vitro</em> evaluation of the anti‑breast cancer properties and gene expression profiles of Thai traditional formulary medicine extracts. Biomedical Reports, 19, 70. https://doi.org/10.3892/br.2023.1652
MLA
Khamwut, A., Klomkliew, P., Jumpathong, W., Kaewsapsak, P., Chanchaem, P., Sivapornnukul, P., Chantanakat, K., T‑Thienprasert, N. P., Payungporn, S."<em>In vitro</em> evaluation of the anti‑breast cancer properties and gene expression profiles of Thai traditional formulary medicine extracts". Biomedical Reports 19.4 (2023): 70.
Chicago
Khamwut, A., Klomkliew, P., Jumpathong, W., Kaewsapsak, P., Chanchaem, P., Sivapornnukul, P., Chantanakat, K., T‑Thienprasert, N. P., Payungporn, S."<em>In vitro</em> evaluation of the anti‑breast cancer properties and gene expression profiles of Thai traditional formulary medicine extracts". Biomedical Reports 19, no. 4 (2023): 70. https://doi.org/10.3892/br.2023.1652