Bioactive potency of extracts from <em>Stylissa carteri</em> and <em>Amphimedon chloros</em> with silver nanoparticles against cancer cell lines and pathogenic bacteria

Alqaraleh,Moath; Khleifat,Khaled M.; Al‑Samydai,Ali; Al‑Najjar,Belal O.; Saqallah,Fadi G.; Al Qaisi,Yaseen T.; Alsarayreh,Ahmad Z.; Alqudah,Dana A.; Fararjeh,Abdulfattah S.

doi:10.3892/br.2024.1912

Bioactive potency of extracts from Stylissa carteri and Amphimedon chloros with silver nanoparticles against cancer cell lines and pathogenic bacteria

Authors:
- Moath Alqaraleh
- Khaled M. Khleifat
- Ali Al‑Samydai
- Belal O. Al‑Najjar
- Fadi G. Saqallah
- Yaseen T. Al Qaisi
- Ahmad Z. Alsarayreh
- Dana A. Alqudah
- Abdulfattah S. Fararjeh
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Affiliations: Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Al‑Balqa Applied University, Al‑Salt 19117, Jordan, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Science, Mutah University, Al‑Karak 61710, Jordan, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmacological and Diagnostic Research Center, Al‑Ahliyya Amman University, Amman 11814, Jordan, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al‑Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman 11733, Jordan, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Mutah University, Al‑Karak 61710, Jordan, Department of Pharmaceutics and Technology, Cell Therapy Center, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
Published online on: December 19, 2024 https://doi.org/10.3892/br.2024.1912
Article Number: 34
Copyright: © Alqaraleh et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.

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Abstract

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are spherical particles with a number of specific and unique physical (such as surface plasmon resonance, high electrical conductivity and thermal stability) as well as chemical (including antimicrobial activity, catalytic efficiency and the ability to form conjugates with biomolecules) properties. These properties allow AgNPs to exhibit desired interactions with the biological system and make them prospective candidates for use in antibacterial and anticancer activities. AgNPs have a quenching capacity, which produces reactive oxygen species and disrupts cellular processes (such as reducing the function of the mitochondria, damaging the cell membrane, inhibiting DNA replication and altering protein synthesis). In addition, sponge extracts contain biologically active substances with therapeutic effects. Therefore, the concurrent use of these agents may present a potential for the development of novel antitumor and antimicrobial drugs. The present study investigated the cytotoxic effects of AgNPs combined with the extracts from sponge species, Stylissa carteri or Amphimedon chloros, against various cancer cell lines and pathogenic bacterial strains. The present study was novel as it provided a further understanding of the cytotoxicity and underlying mechanisms of AgNPs. Alterations in the properties, such as size, charge and polydispersity index, of the AgNPs were demonstrated after lyophilization. Scanning electron microscopy revealed submicron‑sized particles. The cytotoxic potential of AgNPs across various cancer cell lines such as lung, colorectal, breast and pancreatic cancer cell lines, was demonstrated, especially when the AgNPs were combined with sponge extracts, which suggested a synergistic effect. Analysis using liquid chromatography‑mass spectrometry revealed key chemical components in the extracts, and molecular docking simulations indicated potential inhibition interactions between a number of the extract components and the epidermal growth factor receptor and tyrosine kinase receptor A. Synergistic antibacterial effects against several bacterial species such as Staphylococcus xylosus, Klebsiella oxytoca, Enterobacter aerogenes, Micrococcus spp. and Escherichia coli, were observed when AgNPs were combined with sponge ethyl acetate extracts. The results of the present study suggested a potential therapeutic application of marine‑derived compounds and nanotechnology in combating cancer and bacterial infections. Future research should further elucidate the mechanistic pathways and investigate the in vivo therapeutic efficacy.

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