Open Access

Pharmacological strategies for targeting biofilms in otorhinolaryngologic infections and overcoming antimicrobial resistance (Review)

  • Authors:
    • Maulana A. Empitu
    • Ika N. Kadariswantiningsih
    • Nadhirah Mohd Shakri
  • View Affiliations

  • Published online on: April 9, 2025     https://doi.org/10.3892/br.2025.1973
  • Article Number: 95
  • Copyright: © Empitu et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.

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Abstract

Biofilm formation is a key factor in the persistence and recurrence of otorhinolaryngology (ORL) infections, driving antimicrobial resistance and treatment failure. Chronic conditions, such as rhinosinusitis, otitis media and tonsillitis, are linked to biofilm‑producing pathogens, forming protective extracellular matrices that shield bacteria from immune defenses and antibiotics. The present review explores emerging pharmacological strategies to disrupt biofilm integrity and improve treatment outcomes. Strategies such as quorum sensing inhibitors, antibiofilm peptides, enzymatic dispersal agents, and drug repurposing can potentially disrupt biofilms and counter‑resistance mechanisms. Furthermore, novel therapies (including nanotechnology‑based drug delivery systems, phage therapy and immunomodulation) offer innovative alternatives for managing biofilm‑associated infections. However, clinical implementation remains challenging. Future research should prioritize optimizing drug formulations, refining delivery techniques, and exploring synergistic combinations to enhance biofilm eradication. Implementing these innovative strategies can improve the management of chronic ORL infections, reducing recurrence rates and enhancing patient outcomes.
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June-2025
Volume 22 Issue 6

Print ISSN: 2049-9434
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Copy and paste a formatted citation
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Spandidos Publications style
Empitu MA, Kadariswantiningsih IN and Shakri NM: Pharmacological strategies for targeting biofilms in otorhinolaryngologic infections and overcoming antimicrobial resistance (Review). Biomed Rep 22: 95, 2025.
APA
Empitu, M.A., Kadariswantiningsih, I.N., & Shakri, N.M. (2025). Pharmacological strategies for targeting biofilms in otorhinolaryngologic infections and overcoming antimicrobial resistance (Review). Biomedical Reports, 22, 95. https://doi.org/10.3892/br.2025.1973
MLA
Empitu, M. A., Kadariswantiningsih, I. N., Shakri, N. M."Pharmacological strategies for targeting biofilms in otorhinolaryngologic infections and overcoming antimicrobial resistance (Review)". Biomedical Reports 22.6 (2025): 95.
Chicago
Empitu, M. A., Kadariswantiningsih, I. N., Shakri, N. M."Pharmacological strategies for targeting biofilms in otorhinolaryngologic infections and overcoming antimicrobial resistance (Review)". Biomedical Reports 22, no. 6 (2025): 95. https://doi.org/10.3892/br.2025.1973