Localization and characterization of lymphatic vessels in oral and cervical squamous cell carcinoma

Inoue,Masahisa; Roan,Cheng-Hsiung; Abe,Tomomi; Buery,Rosario  R.; Nagatsuka,Hitoshi; Katase,Naoki; Nagai,Noriyuki; Setsu,Kojun

doi:10.3892/etm.2011.277

Localization and characterization of lymphatic vessels in oral and cervical squamous cell carcinoma

Authors:
- Masahisa Inoue
- Cheng-Hsiung Roan
- Tomomi Abe
- Rosario R. Buery
- Hitoshi Nagatsuka
- Naoki Katase
- Noriyuki Nagai
- Kojun Setsu
View Affiliations

Affiliations: Laboratories for Structure and Function Research, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Tokushima Bunri University, Tokushima 770-8514, Japan, Tung's Taichung Metro Harbor Hospital, Taiwan, R.O.C., Department of Oral Pathology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
Published online on: May 31, 2011 https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2011.277
Pages: 793-797

Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )

Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )

Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

Abstract

Lymph node metastasis is considered a factor in determining the prognosis of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Both oral and cervical SCC tumor cells prefer lymph vessels as the route of metastasis. D2-40 is a specific marker of lymphatic endothelial cells. This study clarifies the distribution and characteristics of lymphatic vessels in oral and cervical SCCs. Immunohistochemistry was performed in 20 oral and 20 cervical SCCs (10 non-metastatic and 10 metastatic to lymph nodes) using D2-40, CD31, CD34, CD105 and double staining with D2-40 and keratin. Lymphatic vessel density (LVD) was also determined morphologically. Results showed that lymphatic vessels in both types of SCCs were distributed mainly at the superficial region beneath the epithelium. The LVD in each tumor was significantly higher compared to the corresponding normal mucosa. Moreover, the LVD in lymph node metastasis in each tumor was significantly higher compared to their non-metastatic counterparts. Cancer cell invasion was observed in the lymphatic vessels suggesting the existence of lymph node involvement during metastasis. The new lymphatic vessels that proliferated around the cancer nests in both SCCs have endothelial cell characteristics inferred to be associated with early lymphatic development and initial dissemination of cancer cells.

View Figures

View References

1.	Folkman J: Role of angiogenesis in tumor growth and metastasis. Semin Oncol. 29:15–18. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
2.	Abulafia O, Triest WE and Sherer DM: Angiogenesis in malignancies of the female genital tract. Gynecol Oncol. 72:220–231. 1999. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
3.	Nagatsuka H, Hibi K, Gunduz M, et al: Various immunostaining patterns of CD31, CD34 and endoglin and their relationship with lymph node metastasis in oral squamous cell carcinomas. J Oral Pathol Med. 34:70–76. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
4.	Weidner N, Semple JP, Welch WR and Folkman J: Tumor angiogenesis and metastasis-correlation in invasive breast carcinoma. N Engl J Med. 342:1–8. 1991. View Article : Google Scholar
5.	Ranieri G, Labriola A, Achille G, et al: Microvessel density, mast cell density and thymidine phosphorylase expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Int J Oncol. 21:1317–1323. 2002.PubMed/NCBI
6.	Hannen EJ, van der Laak JA, Manni JJ, et al: Computer assisted analysis of the microvasculature in metastasized and nonmetastasized squamous cell carcinomas of the tongue. Head Neck. 24:643–650. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
7.	Zhang Z, Helman JI and Li LJ: Lymphangiogenesis, lymphatic endothelial cells and lymphatic metastasis in head and neck cancer – a review of mechanisms. Int J Oral Sci. 2:5–14. 2010.
8.	Van Trappen PO and Pepper MS: Lymphangiogenesis in human gynaecological cancers. Angiogenesis. 8:137–145. 2005.
9.	Agarwal B, Saxena R, Morimiya A, Mehrotra S and Badve S: Lymphangiogenesis does not occur in breast cancer. Am J Surg Pathol. 29:1449–1455. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
10.	Xuan M, Fang YR, Wato M, Hata S and Tanaka A: Immuno-histochemical co-localization of lymphatics and blood vessels in oral squamous cell carcinomas. J Oral Pathol Med. 34:334–339. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
11.	Marks A, Sutherland DR, Bailey D, et al: Characterization and distribution of an oncofetal antigen (M2A antigen) expressed on testicular germ cell tumours. Br J Cancer. 80:569–578. 1999. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
12.	Kahn HJ and Marks A: A new monoclonal antibody, D2-40, for detection of lymphatic invasion in primary tumors. Lab Invest. 82:1255–1257. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
13.	Pepper MS, Tille JC, Nisato R and Skobe M: Lymphangiogenesis and tumor metastasis. Cell Tissue Res. 314:167–177. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
14.	Liotta LA, Steeg PS and Stetler-Stevenson WG: Cancer metastasis and angiogenesis: an imbalance of positive and negative regulation. Cell. 64:327–336. 1991. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
15.	Weiss L and Schmid-Schönbein GW: Biomechanical interactions of cancer cells with the microvasculature during metastasis. Cell Biophys. 14:187–215. 1989. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
16.	Witte MH, Way DL, Witte CL and Bernas M: Lymphangiogenesis: mechanisms, significance and clinical implications. EXS. 79:65–112. 1997.PubMed/NCBI
17.	Kato S: Science of lymphangiogenesis. The Cell. 37:178–179. 2005.
18.	Kotani M: The lymphatics and lymphoreticular tissues in relation to the action of sex hormones. Arch Histol Cytol. 53:1–76. 1990. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
19.	Wang JM, Kumar S, Pye D, van Agthoven AJ, Krupinski J and Hunter RD: A monoclonal antibody detects heterogeneity in vascular endothelium of tumours and normal tissues. Int J Cancer. 54:363–370. 1993. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
20.	Podgrabinska S, Braun P, Velasco P, Kloos B, Pepper MS and Skobe M: Molecular characterization of lymphatic endothelial cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 99:16069–16074. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI