Protective effect of Acer mono Max. sap on water immersion restraint stress-induced gastric ulceration

Park,Chul-Hong; Son,Hyung-U; Son,Minsik; Lee,Sang-Han

doi:10.3892/etm.2011.314

Protective effect of Acer mono Max. sap on water immersion restraint stress-induced gastric ulceration

Authors:
- Chul-Hong Park
- Hyung-U Son
- Minsik Son
- Sang-Han Lee
View Affiliations

Affiliations: Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Republic of Korea
Published online on: June 30, 2011 https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2011.314
Pages: 843-848

Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )

Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )

Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

Abstract

Acer mono Max. sap (AmMs) is called ‘Gol-Li-Su’ or ‘Go-Lo-Soe’ in Korean, which means ‘water beneficial to the bones’. It is reported that the sap contains several types of minerals and sugars. In particular, the calcium concentration of the sap is 36.5 times higher than that of commercial mineral water. Apart from its anti-osteoporosis effect, no reports have addressed the biological activities of AmMs against degenerative diseases. In the present study, we investigated whether AmMs alleviates gastric ulcer-related symptoms in a stress-induced mouse model. To assess the effect of AmMs on gastric ulcer-like symptoms, we carried out a water immersion restraint (WIRE) test and found that AmMs has potential in alleviating gastric ulcers in a concentration-dependent manner. These results indicate that the nutritional factors of the sap mitigate the gastric ulcer-related symptoms caused by stress-induced gastric lesions in mice. AmMs-treated mice exhibited a significant decrease in the ulcer index as compared to those treated with omeprazole or L-arginine. To examine one potential mechanism underlying this effect, we performed reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction to ascertain whether molecular markers were associated with the mitigation of the gastric lesions. Epithelial and/or tissue nitric oxide synthase (NOS) was assessed to determine whether or not the genes were down-regulated dose-dependently by the sap. The levels of these enzymes were found to be lower in the tissue samples treated with AmMs compared with the levels in the control samples. These findings collectively suggest that AmMs significantly protects the gastric mucosa against WIRE stress-induced gastric lesions, at least in part, by alleviating inducible NOS and/or neuronal NOS expression.

View Figures

View References

1.	MacLaren R, Jarvis CL and Fish DN: Use of enteral nutrition for stress ulcer prophylaxis. Ann Pharmacother. 35:1614–1623. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
2.	Mózsik G, Bódis B, Figler M, Király A, Karádi O, Pár A, Rumi G, Sütõ G, Tóth G and Vincze A: Mechanisms of action of retinoids in gastrointestinal mucosal protection in animals, human healthy subjects and patients. Life Sci. 69:3103–3112. 2001.
3.	Alarcón de la Lastra C, Barranco MD, Motilva V and Herrerías JM: Mediterranean diet and health: biological importance of olive oil. Curr Pharm Des. 7:933–950. 2001.PubMed/NCBI
4.	Konturek SJ, Konturek PC and Brzozowski T: Melatonin in gastroprotection against stress-induced acute gastric lesions and in healing of chronic gastric ulcers. J Physiol Pharmacol. 57(Suppl 5): 51–66. 2006.PubMed/NCBI
5.	Pawlik M, Ptak A, Pajdo R, Konturek PC, Brzozowski T and Konturek SJ: Sensory nerves and calcitonin gene-related peptide in the effect of ischemic preconditioning on acute and chronic gastric lesions induced by ischemia-reperfusion. J Physiol Pharmacol. 52:569–581. 2001.
6.	Kwiecieñ S, Brzozowski T, Konturek PC, Konturek SJ, Pawlik M, Pajdo R, Drozdowicz D, Ptak A and Hahn EG: Effect of central and peripheral actions of histamine and its metabolite N-alpha methyl histamine on gastric secretion and acute gastric lesions. J Physiol Pharmacol. 52:625–638. 2001.PubMed/NCBI
7.	Nishida K, Harrison DG, Navas JP, Fisher AA, Dockery SP, Uematsu M, Nerem RM, Alexander RW and Murphy TJ: Molecular cloning and characterization of the constitutive bovine aortic endothelial cell nitric oxide synthase. J Clin Invest. 90:2092–2096. 1992. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
8.	Moncada S, Higgs EA and Furchgott R: International union of pharmacology nomenclature in nitric oxide research. Pharmacol Rev. 49:137–142. 1997.PubMed/NCBI
9.	Anggard E: Nitric oxide: mediator, murderer, and medicine. Lancet. 343:1199–1206. 1994. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
10.	Ma L, Chow JY and Cho CH: Cigarette smoking delays ulcer healing: role of constitutive nitric oxide synthase in rat stomach. Am J Physiol. 276:238–248. 1999.PubMed/NCBI
11.	La Vecchia C and Tavani A: A review of epidemiological studies on cancer in relation to the use of anti-ulcer drugs. Eur J Cancer Prev. 11:117–123. 2002.PubMed/NCBI
12.	Schmeda-Hirschmann G and Yesilada E: Traditional medicine and gastroprotective crude drugs. J Ethnopharmacol. 100:61–66. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
13.	Lee GS, Byun HS, Kim MH, Lee BM, Ko SH, Jung EM, Gwak KS, Choi IG, Kang HY, Jo HJ, Lee HJ and Jeung EB: The beneficial effect of the sap of Acer mono in an animal with low-calcium diet-induced osteoporosis-like symptoms. Br J Nutr. 100:1011–1018. 2008.PubMed/NCBI
14.	Yang H, Lee MK and Kim YC: Protective activities of stilbene glycosides from Acer mono leaves against H2O2-induced oxidative damage in primary cultured rat hepatocytes. J Agric Food Chem. 53:4182–4186. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
15.	Yang H, Sung SH and Kim YC: Two new hepatoprotective stilbene glycosides from Acer mono leaves. J Nat Prod. 68:101–103. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
16.	Heo JC, Rho JR, Kim TH, Kim SY and Lee SH: An aqueous extract of green tea Camellia sinensis increases expression of Th1 cell-specific anti-asthmatic markers. Int J Mol Med. 22:763–767. 2008.PubMed/NCBI
17.	Zimmermann M: Ethical guidelines for investigations of experimental pain in conscious animals. Pain. 16:109–110. 1983. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
18.	An SM, Park CH, Heo JC, Park JY, Woo SW, Seo JH, Lee MS, Cho KJ, Cho HS, Shin HM and Lee S-H: Gastrodia elata Blume protects against stress-induced gastric mucosal lesions in mice. Int J Mol Med. 20:209–215. 2007.
19.	Naesdal J, Bodemar G and Walan A: Effect of omeprazole, a substituted benzimidazole, on 24-h intragastric acidity in patients with peptic ulcer disease. Scand J Gastroenterol. 19:916–922. 1984.PubMed/NCBI
20.	Nie SN, Qian XM, Wu XH, Yang SY, Tang WJ, Xu BH, Huang F, Lin X, Sun DY, Sun HC and Li ZS: Role of TFF in healing of stress-induced gastric lesions. World J Gastroenterol. 9:1772–1776. 2003.
21.	Roos-van Groningen MC, Eikmans M, Baelde HJ, de Heer E and Bruijn JA: Improvement of extraction and processing of RNA from renal biopsies. Kidney Int. 65:97–105. 2004.
22.	Falkeholm L, Grant CA, Magnusson A and Moller E: Xylene-free method for histological preparation: a multicentre evaluation. Lab Invest. 81:1213–1221. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
23.	Kitagawa H, Fujiwara M and Osumi Y: Effects of water-immersion stress on gastric secretion and mucosal blood flow in rats. Gastroenterology. 77:298–302. 1979.PubMed/NCBI
24.	Garrick T, Leung FW, Buack S, Hirabayashi K and Guth PH: Gastric motility is stimulated but overall blood flow is unaffected during cold restraint in the rat. Gastroenterology. 91:141–148. 1968.PubMed/NCBI
25.	Lamarque D and Whittle BJ: Involvement of superoxide and xanthine oxidase in neutrophil-independent rat gastric damage induced by NO donors. Br J Pharmacol. 116:1843–1848. 1995. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
26.	Calatayud S, Barrachina D and Esplugues JV: Nitric oxide: relation to integrity, injury, and healing of the gastric mucosa. Microsc Res Tech. 53:325–335. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
27.	Nishida K, Ohta Y and Ishiguro I: Role of gastric mucosal constitutive and inducible nitric oxide synthases in the development of stress-induced gastric mucosal lesions in rats. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 236:275–279. 1997. View Article : Google Scholar
28.	Brown JF, Hanson PJ and Whittle BJ: Nitric oxide donors increase mucus gel thickness in rat stomach. Eur J Pharmacol. 223:103–104. 1992. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
29.	Whittle BJ, Lopez-Belmonte J and Moncada S: Regulation of gastric mucosal integrity by endogenous nitric oxide: interactions with prostanoids and sensory neuropeptides in the rat. Br J Pharmacol. 99:607–611. 1990. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
30.	Pique JM, Esplugues JV and Whittle BJ: Endogenous nitric oxide as a mediator of gastric mucosal vasodilatation during acid secretion. Gastroenterology. 102:168–174. 1992.PubMed/NCBI
31.	Brzozowski T, Konturek SJ, Sliwowski Z, Drozdowicz D, Zaczek M and Kedra D: Role of L-arginine, a substrate for nitric oxide-synthase, in gastroprotection and ulcer healing. J Gastroenterol. 32:442–452. 1997. View Article : Google Scholar
32.	Konturek SJ, Brzozowski T, Majka J, Pytko-Polonczyk J and Stachura J: Inhibition of nitric oxide synthase delays healing of chronic gastric ulcers. Eur J Pharmacol. 239:215–217. 1993. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
33.	Brzozowski T, Konturek PC, Konturek SJ, Pajdo R, Drozdowicz D, Kwiecien S and Hahn EG: Acceleration of ulcer healing by cholecystokinin (CCK): role of CCK-A receptors, somatostatin, nitric oxide and sensory nerves. Regul Pept. 82:19–33. 1999. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
34.	Barrachina MD, Panes J and Esplugues JV: Role of nitric oxide in gastrointestinal inflammatory and ulcerative diseases: Perspective for drug development. Curr Pharm Des. 7:31–48. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar
35.	Kankuri E, Vaali K, Knowles RG, Lahde M, Korpela R, Vapaatalo H and Moilanen E: Suppression of acute experimental colitis by a highly selective inducible nitric-oxide synthase inhibitor, N-[3-(aminomethyl)benzyl]acetamidine. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 298:1128–1132. 2001.
36.	Ding HL, Zhu HF, Dong JW, Zhu WZ, Yang WW, Yang HT and Zhou ZN: Inducible nitric oxide synthase contributes to intermittent hypoxia against ischemia/reperfusion injury. Acta Pharmacol Sin. 26:315–322. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI