Role of suture diameter and vessel insertion position in the establishment of the middle cerebral artery occlusion rat model

Tang,Qiqiang; Han,Ruodong; Xiao,Han; Shi,Lili; Shen,Jilong; Lun,Qingli; Li,Jun

doi:10.3892/etm.2013.1046

Role of suture diameter and vessel insertion position in the establishment of the middle cerebral artery occlusion rat model

Authors:
- Qiqiang Tang
- Ruodong Han
- Han Xiao
- Lili Shi
- Jilong Shen
- Qingli Lun
- Jun Li
View Affiliations

Affiliations: Department of Neurology, Affiliated Provincial Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratories of Zoonoses and Pathogen Biology, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
Published online on: April 3, 2013 https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2013.1046
Pages: 1603-1608

Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )

Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )

Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

Abstract

The aim of the present study was to explore the role of suture diameter and vessel insertion position in the preparation of the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) rat model. A total of 84 Sprague‑Dawley rats (weighing 250‑300 g) were randomly divided to three groups: group A (type 1.0, suture diameter 0.16‑0.17 mm and tip 0.21‑0.22 mm); group B (type 2.0; suture diameter, 0.22‑0.23 mm; tip, 0.27‑0.28 mm); and group C (type 3.0; suture diameter, 0.28‑0.29 mm; and tip, 0.33‑0.34 mm). The animals in each group were then subdivided into two subgroups, one of which received a nylon line inserted through the external carotid artery (ECA insertion), while the other received the nylon line through the common carotid artery (CCA insertion) subsequent to a middle or lateral neck incision. The neurological deficit score was evaluated at 4, 8, 24, 48 and 72 h post‑surgery. The ischemic brain tissue was stained by 2,3,5‑triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) to evaluate the extent of the infarct volume. The cerebral edema rate, cerebral infarction volume rate, relative standard deviation (RSD) of the cerebral infarction rate and the success rate were also assessed. The rectal temperature, PaO2, PaCO2, pH, blood pressure and blood glucose levels were controlled and did not vary between the group types. The results suggested that suture diameter and insertion route affected the infarct volume and success rate in the establishment of the suture MCAO rat model. Furthermore, the MCAO model with a 0.22‑0.23 mm diameter suture and CCA insertion route provided the highest success rate in the SD rats.

View Figures

View References

1.	Rubiera M, Ribo M, Delgado-Mederos R, et al: Tandem internal carotid artery/middle cerebral artery occlusion: an independent predictor of poor outcome after systemic thrombolysis. Stroke. 37:2301–2305. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
2.	Hossmann KA: Cerebral ischemia: models, methods and outcomes. Neuropharmacology. 55:257–270. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
3.	Li Y, Chen J, Chen XG, et al: Human marrow stromal cell therapy for stroke in rat: neurotrophins and functional recovery. Neurology. 59:514–523. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
4.	Lubjuhn J, Gastens A, von Wilpert G, et al: Functional testing in a mouse stroke model induced by occlusion of the distal middle cerebral artery. J Neurosci Methods. 184:95–103. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
5.	Koizumi J, Yoshida Y, Nakazawa T and Ooneda G: Experimental studies of ischemic brain edema, I: a new experimental model of cerebral embolism in rats in which recirculation can be introduced in the ischemic area. Jpn J Stroke. 8:1–8. 1986.
6.	Wang Y, Tong ET and Xiao XH: Evaluation of the modified model of reversible focal cerebral ischemia in rats by MRI. Stroke Nervous Dis. 3:171–173. 1999.
7.	Chiang T, Messing RO and Chou WH: Mouse model of middle cerebral artery occlusion. J Vis Exp. 27612011.
8.	Ma J, Zhao L and Nowak TS Jr: Selective, reversible occlusion of the middle cerebral artery in rats by an intraluminal approach. Optimized filament design and methodology. J Neurosci Methods. 156:76–83. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
9.	Longa EZ, Weinstein PR, Carlson S and Cummins R: Reversible middle cerebral artery occlusion without craniectomy in rats. Stroke. 20:84–91. 1989. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
10.	Holland JP, Sydserff SG, Taylor WA and Bell BA: Rat models of middle cerebral artery ischemia. Stroke. 24:1423–1424. 1993.PubMed/NCBI
11.	Engel O, Kolodziej S, Dirnagl U and Prinz V: Modeling stroke in mice - middle cerebral artery occlusion with the filament model. J Vis Exp. 24232011.PubMed/NCBI
12.	Taniguchi H and Andreasson K: The hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy model of perinatal ischemia. J Vis Exp. 9552008.PubMed/NCBI
13.	Uluç K, Miranpuri A, Kujoth GC, Aktüre E and Başkaya MK: Focal cerebral ischemia model by endovascular suture occlusion of the middle cerebral artery in the rat. J Vis Exp. 19782011.
14.	Ansari S, Azari H, McConnell DJ, Afzal A and Mocco J: Intraluminal middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model for ischemic stroke with laser doppler flowmetry guidance in mice. J Vis Exp. 28792011.PubMed/NCBI
15.	Li Y, Chopp M, Chen J, Wang L, Gautam SC, Xu YX and Zhang Z: Intrastriatal transplantation of bone marrow nonhematopoietic cells improves functional recovery after stroke in adult mice. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 20:1311–1319. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
16.	Chen J, Li Y, Wang L, Lu M and Chopp M: Caspase inhibition by Z-VAD increases the survival of grafted bone marrow cells and improves functional outcome after MCAo in rats. J Neurol Sci. 199:17–24. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
17.	Harper AJ: Production of transgenic and mutant mouse models. Methods Mol Med. 104:185–202. 2005.PubMed/NCBI
18.	Koh PO: Melatonin attenuates decrease of protein phosphatase 2A subunit B in ischemic brain injury. J Pineal Res. 52:57–61. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
19.	Carmichael ST: Rodent models of focal stroke: size, mechanism, and purpose. NeuroRx. 2:396–409. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
20.	Florian B, Vintilescu R, Balseanu AT, et al: Long-term hypothermia reduces infarct volume in aged rats after focal ischemia. Neurosci Lett. 438:180–185. 2008.PubMed/NCBI
21.	Barber PA, Hoyte L, Colbourne F and Buchan AM: Temperature-regulated model of focal ischemia in the mouse: a study with histopathological and behavioral outcomes. Stroke. 35:1720–1725. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
22.	Kapinya KJ, Prass K and Dirnagl U: Isoflurane induced prolonged protection against cerebral ischemia in mice: a redox sensitive mechanism? Neuroreport. 13:1431–1435. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
23.	Sakai H, Sheng H, Yates RB, Ishida K, Pearlstein RD and Warner DS: Isoflurane provides long-term protection against focal cerebral ischemia in the rat. Anesthesiology. 106:92–99. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
24.	Browning JL, Heizer ML, Widmayer MA and Baskin DS: Effects of halothane, alpha-chloralose, and pCO₂ on injury volume and CSF beta-endorphin levels in focal cerebral ischemia. Mol Chem Neuropathol. 31:29–42. 1997.PubMed/NCBI
25.	Bouley J, Fisher M and Henninger N: Comparison between coated vs. uncoated suture middle cerebral artery occlusion in the rat as assessed by perfusion/diffusion weighted imaging. Neurosci Lett. 412:185–190. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
26.	Roos MW, Sperber GO, Johansson A and Bill A: An experimental model of cerebral microischemia in rabbits. Exp Neurol. 137:73–80. 1996. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
27.	Alonso de Leciñana M, Diez-Tejedor E, Gutierrez M, Guerrero S, Carceller F and Roda JM: New goals in ischemic stroke therapy: the experimental approach - harmonizing science with practice. Cerebrovasc Dis. 2(Suppl 2): 159–168. 2005.PubMed/NCBI
28.	Kim DE, Kim JY, Nahrendorf M, et al: Direct thrombus imaging as a means to control the variability of mouse embolic infarct models: the role of optical molecular imaging. Stroke. 42:3566–3573. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
29.	Dittmar M, Spruss T, Schuierer G and Horn M: External carotid artery territory ischemia impairs outcome in the endovascular filament model of middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats. Stroke. 34:2252–2257. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar
30.	Akamatsu Y, Shimizu H, Saito A, Fujimura M and Tominaga T: Consistent focal cerebral ischemia without posterior cerebral artery occlusion and its real-time monitoring in an intraluminal suture model in mice. J Neurosurg. 116:657–664. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI