Induction of apoptosis by sarijang, a bamboo salt sauce, in U937 human leukemia cells through the activation 
of caspases

Choi,Eun‑A; Park,Cheol; Han,Min‑Ho; Lee,Jun Hyuk; Kim,Gi‑Young; Choi,Byung  Tae; Choi,Yung  Hyun

doi:10.3892/etm.2013.1151

Induction of apoptosis by sarijang, a bamboo salt sauce, in U937 human leukemia cells through the activation of caspases

Authors:
- Eun‑A Choi
- Cheol Park
- Min‑Ho Han
- Jun Hyuk Lee
- Gi‑Young Kim
- Byung Tae Choi
- Yung Hyun Choi
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Affiliations: Insan Bamboo Salt Inc. and Insan Oriental Medical Clinic, Hamyang, Gyeongsangnam‑do 676‑805, Republic of Korea, Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Dongeui University, Busan 614‑714, Republic of Korea, Department of Biochemistry, Dongeui University College of Oriental Medicine, Busan 614‑052, Republic of Korea, Biotechnology Examination Division, Chemistry and Biotechnology Examination Bureau, Korean Intellectual Property Office, Daejeon 302‑701, Republic of Korea, Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 690‑756, Republic of Korea, Division of Meridian and Structural Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam‑do 626‑870, Republic of Korea
Published online on: June 10, 2013 https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2013.1151
Pages: 381-387

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Abstract

Sarijang is a bamboo salt soy sauce, containing extracts of Rhynchosia nulubilis, sulfur‑fed duck, dried bark of Ulmus davidiana and Allium sativum, which has been demonstrated to exert anti‑inflammatory and antitumor activity. However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms of action of sarijang have not yet been elucidated. In the present study, we investigated the pro‑apoptotic effects of sarijang in an in vitro U937 human leukemia cell model. Treatment with sarijang resulted in a concentration‑dependent growth inhibition of the cells, coupled with the characteristic morphological features of apoptosis. The induction of the apoptotic cell death of the U937 cells by sarijang exhibited a correlation with the upregulation of death receptor 4 (DR4), the downregulation of members of the inhibitor of apoptosis protein (IAP) family, including survivin and cellular IAP (cIAP)‑1, and the cleavage of Bid. Apoptosis‑inducing concentrations of sarijang also induced the activation of caspases (caspase‑3, ‑8 and ‑9), accompanied by proteolytic degradation of poly(ADP‑ribose)‑polymerase, β‑catenin and phospholipase C‑γ1. However, the apoptosis induced by sarijang was significantly inhibited by z‑VED‑fmk, a pan‑caspase inhibitor, which demonstrated the importance of caspases in the process. These results suggested that sarijang may be a potential chemotherapeutic agent for use in the control of U937 human leukemia cells. Further studies are required to identify the active compounds in sarijang.

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