Quantitative assessment of iron in heart and liver phantoms using dual‑energy computed tomography

Tsai,Yi‑Shan; Chen,Jiang‑Shiuh; Wang,Chien‑Kuo; Lu,Chia‑Hsing; Cheng,Chao‑Neng; Kuo,Chin‑Shun; Liu,Yi‑Sheng; Tsai,Hong‑Ming

doi:10.3892/etm.2014.1813

Quantitative assessment of iron in heart and liver phantoms using dual‑energy computed tomography

Authors:
- Yi‑Shan Tsai
- Jiang‑Shiuh Chen
- Chien‑Kuo Wang
- Chia‑Hsing Lu
- Chao‑Neng Cheng
- Chin‑Shun Kuo
- Yi‑Sheng Liu
- Hong‑Ming Tsai
View Affiliations

Affiliations: Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cheng‑Kung University College of Medicine and Hospital, Tainan 704, Taiwan, R.O.C., Department of Pediatrics, National Cheng‑Kung University College of Medicine and Hospital, Tainan 704, Taiwan, R.O.C.
Published online on: June 27, 2014 https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2014.1813
Pages: 907-912

Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )

Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )

Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

Abstract

The aim of the present study was to determine the correlation between dual‑energy computed tomography (DECT) Hounsfield units (HU) and iron concentration, as well as the correlation between HU and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)‑derived R2* values, in phantoms of the heart and liver tissue. Phantoms were constructed containing pig heart or liver tissue and varying concentrations of iron (0.1, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 mg/ml). The phantoms were then examined by DECT and MRI. Linear regression analysis was used to determine the correlations between HU and iron concentration and HU and R2* values. The HU value of DECT increased with increasing iron concentrations in the liver and heart phantoms in a linear manner. The slope of the HU value change against iron concentration revealed that ΔH80‑140 provided a better discernment of iron concentration as compared with ΔH100‑140. The derived R2 values were all >0.9 for the associations of DECT and MRI measurements with iron concentrations. Therefore, DECT may be used for the determination of iron concentration in the liver and heart tissue, with the results correlating with those obtained with MRI.

View Figures

View References

1	Wanless IR, Sweeney G, Dhillon AP, Guido M, Piga A, Galanello R, Gamberini MR, Schwartz E and Cohen AR: Lack of progressive hepatic fibrosis during long-term therapy with deferiprone in subjects with transfusion-dependent beta-thalassemia. Blood. 100:1566–1569. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
2	Cohen AR, Galanello R, Pennell DJ, Cunningham MJ and Vichinsky E: Thalassemia. Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program. 14–34. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar
3	Wood JC, Tyszka JM, Carson S, Nelson MD and Coates TD: Myocardial iron loading in transfusion-dependent thalassemia and sickle cell disease. Blood. 103:1934–1936. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
4	Ceci A, Felisi M, De Sanctis V and De Mattia D: Pharmacotherapy of iron overload in thalassaemic patients. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 4:1763–1774. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
5	Wood JC: Impact of iron assessment by MRI. Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program. 2011:443–450. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
6	Fischer MA, Gnannt R, Raptis D, et al: Quantification of liver fat in the presence of iron and iodine: an ex-vivo dual-energy CT study. Invest Radiol. 46:351–358. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
7	Fischer MA, Reiner CS, Raptis D, et al: Quantification of liver iron content with CT-added value of dual-energy. Eur Radiol. 21:1727–1732. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
8	Joe E, Kim SH, Lee KB, et al: Feasibility and accuracy of dual-source dual-energy CT for noninvasive determination of hepatic iron accumulation. Radiology. 262:126–135. 2012.PubMed/NCBI
9	Hazirolan T, Akpinar B, Unal S, Gümrük F, Haliloglu M and Alibek S: Value of dual energy computed tomography for detection of myocardial iron deposition in thalassaemia patients: initial experience. Eur J Radiol. 68:442–445. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
10	Raptopoulos V, Karellas A, Bernstein J, Reale FR, Constantinou C and Zawacki JK: Value of dual-energy CT in differentiating focal fatty infiltration of the liver from low-density masses. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 157:721–725. 1991. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
11	Chapman RW, Williams G, Bydder G, Dick R, Sherlock S and Kreel L: Computed tomography for determining liver iron content in primary haemochromatosis. Br Med J. 280:440–442. 1980. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
12	Goldberg HI, Cann CE, Moss AA, Ohto M, Brito A and Federle M: Noninvasive quantitation of liver iron in dogs with hemochromatosis using dual-energy CT scanning. Invest Radiol. 17:375–380. 1982. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
13	Primak AN, Ramirez Giraldo JC, Liu X, Yu L and McCollough CH: Improved dual-energy material discrimination for dual-source CT by means of additional spectral filtration. Med Phys. 36:1359–1369. 2009.PubMed/NCBI
14	Yeh BM, Shepherd JA, Wang ZJ, Teh HS, Hartman RP and Prevrhal S: Dual-energy and low-kVp CT in the abdomen. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 193:47–54. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
15	Leighton DM, de Campo JF, Matthews R and Sephton RG: Dual energy CT estimation of liver iron content in thalassaemic children. Australas Radiol. 32:214–219. 1988. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
16	Bennett CM and Miller MB: How reliable are the results from functional magnetic resonance imaging? Ann NY Acad Sci. 1191:133–155. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
17	Sim J and Wright CC: The kappa statistic in reliability studies: use, interpretation, and sample size requirements. Phys Ther. 85:257–268. 2005.PubMed/NCBI
18	Wood JC: Diagnosis and management of transfusion iron overload: the role of imaging. Am J Hematol. 82(12 Suppl): 1132–1135. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
19	Wood JC, Otto-Duessel M, Aguilar M, et al: Cardiac iron determines cardiac T2^*, T2, and T1 in the gerbil model of iron cardiomyopathy. Circulation. 112:535–543. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
20	Ghugre NR, Enriquez CM, Coates TD, Nelson MD Jr and Wood JC: Improved R2^* measurements in myocardial iron overload. J Magn Reson Imaging. 23:9–16. 2006.
21	Carpenter JP, He T, Kirk P, et al: On T2^* magnetic resonance and cardiac iron. Circulation. 123:1519–1528. 2011.
22	Wood JC, Enriquez C, Ghugre N, et al: MRI R2 and R2^* mapping accurately estimates hepatic iron concentration in transfusion-dependent thalassemia and sickle cell disease patients. Blood. 106:1460–1465. 2005.PubMed/NCBI
23	Wood JC, Mo A, Gera A, Koh M, Coates T and Gilsanz V: Quantitative computed tomography assessment of transfusional iron overload. Br J Haematol. 153:780–785. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
24	Karçaaltincaba M and Aktaş A: Dual-energy CT revisited with multidetector CT: review of principles and clinical applications. Diagn Interv Radiol. 17:181–194. 2011.PubMed/NCBI