In vivo ossification of a scaffold combining β‑tricalcium phosphate and platelet‑rich plasma

Zhong,Da; Wang,Cheng‑Gong; Yin,Ke; Liao,Qiande; Zhou,Xing; Liu,An‑Song; Kong,Ling‑Yu

doi:10.3892/etm.2014.1969

In vivo ossification of a scaffold combining β‑tricalcium phosphate and platelet‑rich plasma

Authors:
- Da Zhong
- Cheng‑Gong Wang
- Ke Yin
- Qiande Liao
- Xing Zhou
- An‑Song Liu
- Ling‑Yu Kong
View Affiliations

Affiliations: Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
Published online on: September 15, 2014 https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2014.1969
Pages: 1381-1388

Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )

Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )

Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

Abstract

Tricalcium phosphate (TCP) and platelet‑rich plasma (PRP) are commonly used in bone tissue engineering. The aim of the present study was to investigate a composite that combined TCP with PRP and assess its effectiveness in the treatment of bone defects. Cavity‑shaped bone defects were established on the tibiae of 27 beagle dogs, and were repaired by pure β‑TCP with bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs), β‑TCP/PRP with BMSCs and autogenic ilium. The samples were harvested at 4, 8 and 12 weeks, and bone regeneration was evaluated using X‑ray radiography, immunocytochemical staining of osteocalcin (OCN), hematoxylin and eosin staining and reverse transcription‑polymerase chain reaction analyses. Biomechanical tests of the scaffolds were performed at the 12th week after scaffold implantation. When using pure β‑TCP as a scaffold, the scaffold‑bone interface was clear and no material adsorption and bone healing was observed. Substantial bone regeneration was observed when the tibial defects were restored using β‑TCP/PRP and autogenic ilium. Furthermore, the mRNA expression levels of OCN, alkaline phosphatase and collagen type I α1 were significantly higher in the animals with β‑TCP/PRP scaffolds at 8 and 12 weeks following implantation compared with those in the animals with the pure β‑TCP scaffolds. The maximum load and compressive strength of the β‑TCP/PRP scaffolds were similar to those of the autogenic ilium; however, they were significantly higher than those of the pure β‑TCP scaffold. Thus, the β‑TCP/PRP composite may be used as a potential scaffold to carry in vitro cultured BMSCs to treat bone defects.

View Figures

View References

1	Gafni Y, Turgeman G, Liebergal M, et al: Stem cells as vehicles for orthopedic gene therapy. Gene Ther. 11:417–426. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
2	Park KW, Eglitis MA and Mouradian MM: Protection of nigral neurons by GDNF-engineered marrow cell transplantation. Neurosci Res. 40:315–323. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
3	Wiltfang J, Merten HA, Schlegel KA, et al: Degradation characteristics of alpha and beta tri-calcium-phosphate (TCP) in minipigs. J Biomed Mater Res. 63:115–121. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
4	Yamada Y, Boo JS, Ozawa R, et al: Bone regeneration following injection of mesenchymal stem cells and fibrin glue with a biodegradable scaffold. J Craniomaxillofac Surg. 31:27–33. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
5	Cao H and Kuboyama N: A biodegradable porous composite scaffold of PGA/beta-TCP for bone tissue engineering. Bone. 46:386–395. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
6	Anitua E: Plasma rich in growth factors: preliminary results of use in the preparation of future sites for implants. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 14:529–535. 1999.PubMed/NCBI
7	Carlson NE and Roach RB Jr: Platelet-rich plasma: clinical applications in dentistry. J Am Dent Assoc. 133:1383–1386. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
8	Huang S and Wang Z: Platelet-rich plasma-derived growth factors promote osteogenic differentiation of rat muscle satellite cells: in vitro and in vivo studies. Cell Biol Int. 36:1195–1205. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
9	Formigli L, Benvenuti S, Mercatelli R, et al: Dermal matrix scaffold engineered with adult mesenchymal stem cells and platelet-rich plasma as a potential tool for tissue repair and regeneration. J Tissue Eng Regen Med. 6:125–134. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
10	Schuckert KH, Jopp S and Teoh SH: Mandibular defect reconstruction using three-dimensional polycaprolactone scaffold in combination with platelet-rich plasma and recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2: de novo synthesis of bone in a single case. Tissue Eng Part A. 15:493–499. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar
11	Yoshimi R, Yamada Y, Ito K, et al: Self-assembling peptide nanofiber scaffolds, platelet-rich plasma, and mesenchymal stem cells for injectable bone regeneration with tissue engineering. J Craniofac Surg. 20:1523–1530. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
12	Kon E, Filardo G, Delcogliano M, et al: Platelet autologous growth factors decrease the osteochondral regeneration capability of a collagen-hydroxyapatite scaffold in a sheep model. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 11:2202010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
13	Kasten P, Vogel J, Luginbühl R, et al: Influence of platelet-rich plasma on osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells and ectopic bone formation in calcium phosphate ceramics. Cells Tissues Organs. 183:68–79. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
14	van den Dolder J, Mooren R, Vloon AP, Stoelinga PJ and Jansen JA: Platelet-rich plasma: quantification of growth factor levels and the effect on growth and differentiation of rat bone marrow cells. Tissue Eng. 12:3067–3073. 2006.PubMed/NCBI
15	Tajima N, Sotome S, Marukawa E, Omura K and Shinomiya K: A three-dimensional cell-loading system using autologous plasma loaded into a porous β-tricalcium-phosphate block promotes bone formation at extraskeletal sites in rats. Materials Science and Engineering C. 27:625–632. 2007.
16	Jiang ZQ, Liu HY, Zhang LP, Wu ZQ and Shang DZ: Repair of calvarial defects in rabbits with platelet-rich plasma as the scaffold for carrying bone marrow stromal cells. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol. 113:327–333. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
17	Shim JH, Moon TS, Yun MJ, et al: Stimulation of healing within a rabbit calvarial defect by a PCL/PLGA scaffold blended with TCP using solid freeform fabrication technology. J Mater Sci Mater Med. 23:2993–3002. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
18	Hao W, Pang L, Jiang M, Lv R, Xiong Z and Hu YY: Skeletal repair in rabbits using a novel biomimetic composite based on adipose-derived stem cells encapsulated in collagen I gel with PLGA-beta-TCP scaffold. J Orthop Res. 28:252–257. 2010.PubMed/NCBI
19	Lucarelli E, Fini M, Beccheroni A, et al: Stromal stem cells and platelet-rich plasma improve bone allograft integration. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 62–68. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
20	Kovács K, Velich N, Huszár T, Fenyves B, Suba Z and Szabó G: Histomorphometric and densitometric evaluation of the effects of platelet-rich plasma on the remodeling of beta-tricalcium phosphate in beagle dogs. J Craniofac Surg. 16:150–154. 2005.PubMed/NCBI
21	Noël D, Gazit D, Bouquet C, et al: Short-term BMP-2 expression is sufficient for in vivo osteochondral differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. Stem Cells. 22:74–85. 2004.PubMed/NCBI
22	Mauney JR, Volloch V and Kaplan DL: Matrix-mediated retention of adipogenic differentiation potential by human adult bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells during ex vivo expansion. Biomaterials. 26:6167–6175. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar
23	Friedman MS, Long MW and Hankenson KD: Osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells is regulated by bone morphogenetic protein-6. J Cell Biochem. 98:538–554. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
24	Marx RE, Carlson ER, Eichstaedt RM, Schimmele SR, Strauss JE and Georgeff KR: Platelet-rich plasma: Growth factor enhancement for bone grafts. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 85:638–646. 1998. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
25	Fennis JP, Stoelinga PJ and Jansen JA: Mandibular reconstruction: a histological and histomorphometric study on the use of autogenous scaffolds, particulate cortico-cancellous bone grafts and platelet rich plasma in goats. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 33:48–55. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
26	Arpornmaeklong P, Kochel M, Depprich R, et al: Influence of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) on osteogenic differentiation of rat bone marrow stromal cells. An in vitro study. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 33:60–70. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
27	Lohfeld S, Cahill S, Barron V, et al: Fabrication, mechanical and in vivo performance of polycaprolactone/tricalcium phosphate composite scaffolds. Acta Biomater. 8:3446–3456. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI