Hard clam extracts induce atypical apoptosis in human gastric cancer cells

Song,Eing‑Ju; Chan,Michael  W.Y.; Shin,Jyh‑Wei; Chen,Che‑Chun

doi:10.3892/etm.2017.4630

Hard clam extracts induce atypical apoptosis in human gastric cancer cells

Authors:
- Eing‑Ju Song
- Michael W.Y. Chan
- Jyh‑Wei Shin
- Che‑Chun Chen
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Affiliations: Department of Bioscience Technology, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan 71101, Taiwan R.O.C., Department of Life Science, Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi 62102, Taiwan R.O.C., Department of Parasitology, College of Medical, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70403, Taiwan R.O.C., Department of Aquatic Biosciences, National Chiayi University, Chiayi 60004, Taiwan R.O.C.
Published online on: June 20, 2017 https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2017.4630
Pages: 1409-1418
Copyright: © Song et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.

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Abstract

Hard clams (HCs) are a nutritionally high‑quality and popular seafood, and are established to be a potent antitumor food. The aim of the present study was to determine whether HC extracts induce apoptosis in the human gastric cancer cell line, AGS. In contrast with previously reported methods of extraction, crude extracts of HC were obtained by freezing and thawing and by a method free of hot water or organic solvents. The composition, quality and properties of the HC extracts were demonstrated to be stable since the extracts that were evaluated by capillary electrophoresis and HPLC analysis at different timepoints were similar. HC extracts also have an inhibitory effect against the survival of AGS cells. Treatment with HC extracts induced a marked sub‑G1 DNA peak and reduced the expression of the anti‑apoptotic genes BIRC5 and KPNA2. However, hallmarks of classical apoptosis such as DNA fragmentation and apoptotic body formation were not observed, indicating atypical apoptosis. Furthermore, it was revealed that HC extracts interrupted cell cycle progression in AGS cells through altered expression of six cell cycle‑associated genes: CDC20, KPNA2, BIRC5, ANAPC2, CDKN1A and RB1. The present findings suggest that HC may contribute to a novel future anticancer agent.

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