Intramuscular primary immunization by nucleic acid vaccine pcDNA/Gpd‑IL‑2 and enhanced immunization with mucosal adjuvant CpG‑ODN and Gpd‑IL‑2 recombinant protein effectively induced strong mucosal immune responses and immune protective effects against Treponema pallidum skin infection

Zhang,Xiaohong; Zhao,Tie; Zeng,Tiebing; Wu,Ning; Xiao,Yongjian; Liu,Shuangquan; Yu,Jian; Jiang,Chuanhao; Gan,Lin; Deng,Meixia; Luo,Xi; Zhao,Feijun

doi:10.3892/etm.2018.5689

Intramuscular primary immunization by nucleic acid vaccine pcDNA/Gpd‑IL‑2 and enhanced immunization with mucosal adjuvant CpG‑ODN and Gpd‑IL‑2 recombinant protein effectively induced strong mucosal immune responses and immune protective effects against Treponema pallidum skin infection

Authors:
- Xiaohong Zhang
- Tie Zhao
- Tiebing Zeng
- Ning Wu
- Yongjian Xiao
- Shuangquan Liu
- Jian Yu
- Chuanhao Jiang
- Lin Gan
- Meixia Deng
- Xi Luo
- Feijun Zhao
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Affiliations: Institute of Pathogenic Biology and Key Laboratory of Special Pathogen Prevention and Control of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hengyang No. 1 People's Hospital, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China, Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital Affiliated to University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China, Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Hospital Affiliated to University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China, Department of Laboratory Animals, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
Published online on: January 4, 2018 https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2018.5689
Pages: 2533-2540

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Abstract

The present study aimed to evaluate the immune effect of intramuscular primary immunization by the nucleic acid vaccine pcDNA/glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterase‑interleukin‑2 (pcDNA/Gpd‑IL‑2) and enhanced immunization 2 weeks later with the combination of mucosal adjuvant CpG‑oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) and Gpd‑IL‑2 recombinant protein on skin infection caused by Treponema pallidum (Tp) in New Zealand rabbits. At week 8 following immunization, MTT assay was used to detect spleen cell proliferation, while enzyme‑linked immunosorbent assay was performed to detect the cytokine and secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA) levels. At week 10 after primary immunization, rabbits were inoculated with 105 Tp (Nichols strain). Alterations in the skin redness, swelling and ulceration were recorded for 0‑60 days. In addition, positive rate of Tp in skin lesions and ulcer formation rate were examined using dark field and silver staining. The results indicated that intramuscular primary immunization by nucleic acid vaccine pcDNA/Gpd‑IL‑2 followed by enhanced immunization via nasal feeding with mucosal adjuvant CpG‑ODN and Gpd‑IL‑2 recombinant protein induced the higher levels of Tp Gpd specific antibodies, increased the secretion of IL‑2 and interferon‑γ, and promoted the proliferation of T cells in the first 8 weeks after immunization. Furthermore, this immunization strategy stimulated the production of mucosa specific SIgA antibody. Thus, this strategy led to the lowest Tp positive and ulcer formation rates at the Tp infection sites, as well as healing of skin lesions on the earliest time point (day 42). In conclusion, immunization by nucleic acid vaccine pcDNA/Gpd‑IL‑2 followed by enhanced immunization with a combination of mucosal adjuvant CpG‑ODN and Gpd‑IL‑2 recombinant protein is an effective immune strategy to induce strong mucosal immune responses and immune protective effects.

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