Apoptosis and antimigration induction in human skin cancer cells by rhodomyrtone

Tayeh,Malatee; Nilwarangkoon,Sirinun; Tanunyutthawongse,Chantra; Mahabusarakum,Wilawan; Watanapokasin,Ramida

doi:10.3892/etm.2018.6044

Apoptosis and antimigration induction in human skin cancer cells by rhodomyrtone

Authors:
- Malatee Tayeh
- Sirinun Nilwarangkoon
- Chantra Tanunyutthawongse
- Wilawan Mahabusarakum
- Ramida Watanapokasin
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Affiliations: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok 10110, Thailand, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
Published online on: April 10, 2018 https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2018.6044
Pages: 5035-5040

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Abstract

Rhodomyrtone is a bioactive compound extracted from Rhodomyrtus tomentosa leaves. It has been used as a traditional herb medicine for many years. Rhodomyrtone exhibits antibacterial activity, anti‑inflammatory and antioxidant activities. However, the anticancer activity of rhodomyrtone has not been previously reported. The present study investigated the anticancer effect of rhomyrtone on human epidermoid carcinoma A431 cells. The cytotoxic and antiproliferative effects of rhodomyrtone on A431 cells were investigated by an MTT assay. Cell morphological alterations and apoptotic cells were observed with Hoechst 33342 staining following rhodomyrtone treatment. Flow cytometry and western blotting were performed to detect cell cycle and apoptosis induction. The results demonstrated that rhodomyrtone inhibited proliferation of A431 cells in a dose‑dependent manner with IC50 value of 8.04±0.11 µg/ml. The results also indicated that rhodomyrtone increased chromatin condensation, nuclear fragmentation and apoptotic bodies in treated A431 cells in a time‑dependent manner. Apoptosis was also induced through the activation of caspase‑7 and poly (ADP‑Ribose) polymerase cleavage. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that rhodomyrtone induced cell cycle arrest at the G1 phase. Notably, the non‑toxic concentration of rhodomyrtone markedly inhibited A431 cell migration in a dose‑ and time‑dependent manner. These finding suggested that rhodomyrtone may be used as an anticancer agent for human skin cancer.

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