Open Access

Botulinum toxin type A induces protective autophagy in human dermal microvascular endothelial cells exposed to an in vitro model of ischemia/reperfusion injury

  • Authors:
    • Yanyu Shi
    • Huang Lin
    • Jiankun Cao
    • Chao Cui
  • View Affiliations

  • Published online on: September 17, 2018     https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2018.6741
  • Pages: 4379-4386
  • Copyright: © Shi et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.

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Abstract

Botulinum toxin type A (BTXA) has been reported to increase the survival of ischemic skin flaps; however, the exact mechanism underlying this effect remains unclear and needs to be further established. The present study aimed to elucidate whether autophagy caused by BTXA functions as a protection mechanism and to identify the mechanisms of its regulation by BTXA in human dermal microvascular endothelial cells (HDMECs) subjected to hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R)‑induced injury. HDMECs were harvested from the upper eyelid tissues of female blepharoplasty patients. HDMECs were exposed to BTXA treatment for 12 h and then subjected to hypoxia for 8 h, followed by reoxygenation for 24 h. Chloroquine diphosphate salt (CQ) was used as an autophagy inhibitor. H/R led to extreme injury to the HDMECs as indicated by the rise in the apoptosis rate, which was significantly attenuated by BTXA pretreatment. The outcomes demonstrated that H/R caused autophagy, as evidenced by a higher type II/type I ratio of light chain 3 (LC3), increased expression of Beclin‑1 and increased autophagosome formation. BTXA enhanced autophagy and attenuated apoptosis in a dose‑dependent manner, whereas CQ attenuated the BTXA antiapoptotic effects and inhibited the formation of autophagolysosomes, which caused clustering of the LC3‑II in cells. In conclusion, autophagy promoted by BTXA serves as a potential protective effect on ischemia/reperfusion injury.
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December-2018
Volume 16 Issue 6

Print ISSN: 1792-0981
Online ISSN:1792-1015

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Spandidos Publications style
Shi Y, Lin H, Cao J and Cui C: Botulinum toxin type A induces protective autophagy in human dermal microvascular endothelial cells exposed to an in vitro model of ischemia/reperfusion injury . Exp Ther Med 16: 4379-4386, 2018.
APA
Shi, Y., Lin, H., Cao, J., & Cui, C. (2018). Botulinum toxin type A induces protective autophagy in human dermal microvascular endothelial cells exposed to an in vitro model of ischemia/reperfusion injury . Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 16, 4379-4386. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2018.6741
MLA
Shi, Y., Lin, H., Cao, J., Cui, C."Botulinum toxin type A induces protective autophagy in human dermal microvascular endothelial cells exposed to an in vitro model of ischemia/reperfusion injury ". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 16.6 (2018): 4379-4386.
Chicago
Shi, Y., Lin, H., Cao, J., Cui, C."Botulinum toxin type A induces protective autophagy in human dermal microvascular endothelial cells exposed to an in vitro model of ischemia/reperfusion injury ". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 16, no. 6 (2018): 4379-4386. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2018.6741