Heterogeneity of PTEN and PPAR‑γ in cancer and their prognostic application to bladder cancer

Zhang,Zhouzhou; Xu,Huan; Ji,Jin; Shi,Xiaolei; Lyu,Ji; Zhu,Yasheng; Yu,Hongqi; Wang,Fubo

doi:10.3892/etm.2019.7879

Heterogeneity of PTEN and PPAR‑γ in cancer and their prognostic application to bladder cancer

Authors:
- Zhouzhou Zhang
- Huan Xu
- Jin Ji
- Xiaolei Shi
- Ji Lyu
- Yasheng Zhu
- Hongqi Yu
- Fubo Wang
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Affiliations: Department of Urology, North District of Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, P.R. China, Department of Urology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200000, P.R. China
Published online on: August 13, 2019 https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2019.7879
Pages: 3177-3183

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Abstract

The aim of the present study was to determine the prognostic value of peroxisome proliferator‑activated receptor‑γ (PPAR‑γ) and phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome ten (PTEN) for bladder cancer. Data were collected from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), a public database, and were analyzed to assess PTEN and PPAR‑γ heterogeneity as well as distinct trends in bladder cancers. Furthermore, PPAR‑γ and PTEN expression levels and their association with one another were evaluated. Finally, the prognostic significance of PPAR‑γ and PTEN for bladder cancer was validated in vivo using clinical samples. Based on the TCGA database, PTEN levels were significantly increased in bladder cancers (P<0.001); whereas PPAR‑γ expression was downregulated in the same samples (P<0.05). Furthermore, linear correlation analysis indicated that in bladder cancers, PPAR‑γ and PTEN are inversely correlated (P<0.001). The assessment and analysis of clinical samples revealed that PPAR‑γ was significantly elevated in tumor tissues (P<0.001); however, PTEN was downregulated in cancer tissues (P<0.001). Furthermore, PPAR‑γ expression determined by immunohistochemistry grey level (P=0.002) was also elevated in high‑grade and invasive bladder cancers compared with low‑grade and superficial tumors, whereas PTEN levels exhibited the opposite in this analysis (P=0.001). In individuals with lymphoid metastasis, PPAR‑γ was significantly increased (P<0.001), and PTEN was significantly decreased (P<0.001). Pearson analysis revealed a significant negative correlation between PPAR‑γ and PTEN expression (r=‑0.604, P<0.05). In conclusion, tissue heterogeneity was observed with respect to PPAR‑γ and PTEN expression in bladder cancer. PTEN and PPAR‑γ expression are negatively correlated and may be excellent indicators of bladder cancer tumorigenesis and progression.

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