Osteogenic differentiation and inflammatory response of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein‑2 in human maxillary sinus membrane‑derived cells

Chun,Jeewan; Jung,Junho; Lee,Jae-Hyung; Oh,Sang-Hwan; Kwon,Yong-Dae

doi:10.3892/etm.2020.9208

Osteogenic differentiation and inflammatory response of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein‑2 in human maxillary sinus membrane‑derived cells

Authors:
- Jeewan Chun
- Junho Jung
- Jae-Hyung Lee
- Sang-Hwan Oh
- Yong-Dae Kwon
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Affiliations: Department of Dentistry, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea, Department of Maxillofacial Regenerative Medicine, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea, Department of Dental Hygiene, College of Medical Science, Konyang University, Daejeon 35365, Republic of Korea
Published online on: September 11, 2020 https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2020.9208
Article Number: 81
Copyright: © Chun et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.

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Abstract

The aim of the present study was to investigate the osteogenic potential of human maxillary sinus membrane (hMSM)‑derived cells, and the role of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein‑2 (rhBMP‑2) in the inflammatory response of hMSM‑derived cells and gingival fibroblasts following sinus floor elevation procedure (SFE). hMSM‑derived cells from the samples were isolated, subcultured, and analyzed using immunohistochemical staining and flow cytometry. The hMSM‑derived cells obtained from passage 6 were used for Alizarin Red staining and quantitative reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR to observe its osteogenic activity and inflammatory reaction upon supplementation with rhBMP‑2. The hMSM‑derived cells were shown to be heterogeneous, as indicated by their positive expression of human mesenchymal stem cell markers (STRO‑1, high mobility group AT‑hook 2, CD44, CD105 and OCT‑3/4), fibroblast cell marker (fibroblast‑specific protein 1) and epithelial cell marker (epithelial cell adhesion molecule). Calcium nodules were found to be more notably evident in the rhBMP‑2 group, following osteogenic differentiation. The gene expression of osteogenic markers was significantly upregulated in the cells supplemented with rhBMP‑2. Supplementation with rhBMP‑2 also enhanced the expression of inflammatory markers in hMSM‑derived cells and gingival fibroblasts; however, NF‑κB and TNF‑α expression was not significantly increased compared with the control in the hMSM‑derived cells. hMSM contains mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) capable of differentiating into osteogenic cells. The supplementation of rhBMP‑2 enhanced osteogenic differentiation and induced an inflammatory response which was greater in gingival fibroblasts compared with hMSM‑derived cells. In summary, the hMSM is a potential contributor to the osteogenic process following SFE, and the use of rhBMP‑2 may increase the inflammatory response accordingly. The gingival tissue may be responsible for the increased inflammatory response by rhBMP‑2 and postoperative complications.

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