Tumoral markers in bladder cancer (Review)

Bratu,Ovidiu; Marcu,Dragos; Anghel,Radu; Spinu,Dan; Iorga,Lucian; Balescu,Irina; Bacalbasa,Nicolae; Diaconu,Camelia; Savu,Cornel; Savu,Carmen; Cherciu,Alexandru

doi:10.3892/etm.2021.10205

Tumoral markers in bladder cancer (Review)

Authors:
- Ovidiu Bratu
- Dragos Marcu
- Radu Anghel
- Dan Spinu
- Lucian Iorga
- Irina Balescu
- Nicolae Bacalbasa
- Camelia Diaconu
- Cornel Savu
- Carmen Savu
- Alexandru Cherciu
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Affiliations: Department of Urology, ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania, Department of Urology, University Emergency Central Military Hospital, 010825 Bucharest, Romania, Department of Visceral Surgery, ‘Ponderas’ Academic Hospital, 021188 Bucharest, Romania, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 023991 Bucharest, Romania, Department of Internal Medicine, ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania, Department of Thoracic Surgery, ‘Marius Nasta’ National Institute of Pneumophtisiology, 050159 Bucharest, Romania, Department of Anesthesiology, ‘Fundeni’ Clinical Institute, 022328 Bucharest, Romania
Published online on: May 18, 2021 https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2021.10205
Article Number: 773

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Abstract

Bladder tumors are frequently diagnosed urologic malignant diseases with an extremely high recurrence rate compared to other neoplastic tumors. Urothelial bladder carcinomas are mostly identified in their incipient form, as non‑muscle invasive, but despite that, a third of them develop into aggressive recurrent disease. The diagnosis of bladder carcinoma at this moment is established using cytology and cystoscopy and is a great challenge for clinicians due to the lack of sensitivity. Urinary biomarkers could improve and enhance the diagnosis and screening techniques and determine a more accurate recurrence rate. However, bladder cancer is a heterogeneous disease and the existence of a single marker test with reduced cost is unlikely; thus, until then, the use of a panel of markers to obtain valuable information is inevitable even though suboptimal for use. To improve this deadlock, new biomarker panels should be identified and prepared to equalize the cost‑efficiency balance. The present paper is a literature review concerning the most commonly used tumor markers in urinary bladder cancer as well as the most commonly encountered genetic modifications in such patients.

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