Open Access

Ginseng gintonin attenuates the disruptions of brain microvascular permeability and microvascular endothelium junctional proteins in an appswe/psen‑1 double‑transgenic mouse model of Αlzheimer's disease

  • Authors:
    • Minhee Jang
    • Sun-Hye Choi
    • Jong Hee Choi
    • Jinhee Oh
    • Ra Mi Lee
    • Na-Eun Lee
    • Yeon-Jin Cho
    • Hyewhon Rhim
    • Hyoung-Chun Kim
    • Ik-Hyun Cho
    • Seung-Yeol Nah
  • View Affiliations

  • Published online on: February 1, 2021     https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2021.9741
  • Article Number: 310
  • Copyright: © Jang et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.

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Abstract

It has been previously indicated that gintonin, which is a novel exogenous ginseng‑derived lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) receptor ligand, restores memory dysfunctions in an APPswe/PSEN‑1 double‑transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease (AD Tg mice) by attenuating β‑amyloid plaque deposition, recovering cholinergic dysfunctions and upregulating hippocampal neurogenesis in the cortex and hippocampus. Although β‑amyloid plaque depositions in AD is accompanied with disruptions of brain microvessels, including the brain‑blood barrier (BBB), it is unknown whether gintonin exerts protective effects on brain microvascular dysfunctions in AD Tg mice. In the present study, the effects of gintonin‑enriched fraction (GEF) on the changes in β‑amyloid plaque depositions, brain permeability of Evans blue, and microvascular junctional proteins were investigated in AD Tg mice. Long‑term oral administration of GEF reduced β‑amyloid plaque depositions in the cortex and hippocampus of AD Tg mice. GEF treatment also reduced the permeability of Evans blue through BBB and decreased immunoreactivity of platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule‑1 (a marker of BBB disruption) in the cortex and hippocampus of AD Tg mice in a dose‑dependent manner. However, GEF elevated the protein expression of occludin, claudin‑5 and zonula occludens‑1, which are tight‑junction proteins. The present results demonstrated that long‑term oral GEF treatment not only attenuates β‑amyloid plaque depositions in the brain but also exhibits protective effects against microvascular disruptions in AD Tg mice. Finally, GEF exhibits anti‑AD effects through attenuation of β‑amyloid plaque depositions and protection against brain microvascular damage in an AD animal model.
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April-2021
Volume 21 Issue 4

Print ISSN: 1792-0981
Online ISSN:1792-1015

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Spandidos Publications style
Jang M, Choi S, Choi J, Oh J, Lee R, Lee N, Cho Y, Rhim H, Kim H, Cho I, Cho I, et al: Ginseng gintonin attenuates the disruptions of brain microvascular permeability and microvascular endothelium junctional proteins in an appswe/psen‑1 double‑transgenic mouse model of Αlzheimer's disease. Exp Ther Med 21: 310, 2021
APA
Jang, M., Choi, S., Choi, J., Oh, J., Lee, R., Lee, N. ... Nah, S. (2021). Ginseng gintonin attenuates the disruptions of brain microvascular permeability and microvascular endothelium junctional proteins in an appswe/psen‑1 double‑transgenic mouse model of Αlzheimer's disease. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 21, 310. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2021.9741
MLA
Jang, M., Choi, S., Choi, J., Oh, J., Lee, R., Lee, N., Cho, Y., Rhim, H., Kim, H., Cho, I., Nah, S."Ginseng gintonin attenuates the disruptions of brain microvascular permeability and microvascular endothelium junctional proteins in an appswe/psen‑1 double‑transgenic mouse model of Αlzheimer's disease". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 21.4 (2021): 310.
Chicago
Jang, M., Choi, S., Choi, J., Oh, J., Lee, R., Lee, N., Cho, Y., Rhim, H., Kim, H., Cho, I., Nah, S."Ginseng gintonin attenuates the disruptions of brain microvascular permeability and microvascular endothelium junctional proteins in an appswe/psen‑1 double‑transgenic mouse model of Αlzheimer's disease". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 21, no. 4 (2021): 310. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2021.9741