Benefits and adverse events of melatonin use in the elderly (Review)

Anghel,Lucreția; Baroiu,Liliana; Popazu,Corina Rișcă; Pătraș,Diana; Fotea,Silvia; Nechifor,Alexandru; Ciubara,Anamaria; Nechita,Luiza; Mușat,Carmina Liana; Stefanopol,Ioana Anca; Tatu,Alin Laurențiu; Ciubara,Alexandru Bogdan

doi:10.3892/etm.2022.11142

Benefits and adverse events of melatonin use in the elderly (Review)

Authors:
- Lucreția Anghel
- Liliana Baroiu
- Corina Rișcă Popazu
- Diana Pătraș
- Silvia Fotea
- Alexandru Nechifor
- Anamaria Ciubara
- Luiza Nechita
- Carmina Liana Mușat
- Ioana Anca Stefanopol
- Alin Laurențiu Tatu
- Alexandru Bogdan Ciubara
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Affiliations: Clinical Medical Department, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, ‘Dunărea de Jos’ University, 800008 Galați, Romania, Internal Medicine Department, St. Andrew The Apostle Clinical Emergency County Hospital, 800578 Galați, Romania, Department of Morphological and Functional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, ‘Dunărea de Jos’ University, 800008 Galați, Romania
Published online on: January 14, 2022 https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2022.11142
Article Number: 219
Copyright: © Anghel et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.

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Abstract

Melatonin is a hormone secreted by the pineal gland in accordance with the circadian rhythm when the light level decreases. Reduction of melatonin secretion with age may be associated with physiological aging in neurodegenerative diseases by affecting the suprachiasmatic nucleus or of the neuronal pathways of transmission to the pineal gland. A significant decrease in melatonin synthesis has been reported in various disorders and diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, metabolic disorders (particularly diabetes type 2), cancer and endocrine diseases. In addition to the fact, that melatonin is a sleep inducer, it also exerts cytoprotective properties as an antioxidant and free radical scavenger. The therapeutic role of melatonin has been demonstrated in sleep disorders, eye damage and cardiovascular disease. The association between melatonin and β‑blockers has had a positive impact on sleep disorders in clinical trials. Previous studies have reported the anti‑inflammatory effect of melatonin by adjusting levels of pro‑inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin (IL)‑6, IL‑1β and tumor necrosis factor‑α. Melatonin treatment has been demonstrated to decrease IL‑6 and IL‑10 expression levels and efficiently attenuate T‑cell proliferation. Currently, there is an inconsistency of scientific data regarding the lowest optimal dose and safety of melatonin for long‑term use. The aim of the present review was to summarize the evidence on the role of melatonin in various clinical conditions and highlight the future research in this area.

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