Open Access

Mucocutaneous lesions associated with SARS‑CoV‑2 infection (Review)

  • Authors:
    • Mihaela Paula Toader
    • Daniel Constantin Branisteanu
    • Mihai Glod
    • Irina Mihaela Esanu
    • Catalina Ioana Branisteanu
    • Maria-Stefana Capsa
    • Andreea Dimitriu
    • Alin Codrut Nicolescu
    • Alin Constantin Pinzariu
    • Daciana Elena Branisteanu
  • View Affiliations

  • Published online on: February 3, 2022     https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2022.11183
  • Article Number: 258
  • Copyright: © Toader et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.

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Abstract

The ongoing COVID‑19 pandemic, declared by the World Health Organisation in March 2020, with the emergence of new, possibly more contagious and more virulent strains, remains a research subject, with the complex systemic involvement better described and understood, but also with a variety of skin and mucosal lesions described in the literature. Mucocutaneous lesions associated with SARS‑CoV‑2 infection are still under investigation, due to their polymorphic clinical aspect and incompletely understood pathogenic mechanism. The cutaneous inflammatory, exanthematous and purpuric rashes, erythemato‑purpuric enanthems, oral ulcers, lichenoid oral lesions, conjunctivitis, conjunctival pseudomembranes, or corneal lesions have been described in patients with COVID‑19. Several classifications have been proposed based on the clinical pattern, histological findings, and possible pathogenic mechanisms. The pathogenic mechanism, the diagnostic criteria, the prognostic importance of these lesions are still being debated. The diverse clinical aspects of dermatological manifestations render the diagnosis difficult. However, several clinical patterns strongly associated with COVID‑19, such as chilblains, papulovesicular exanthems, and febrile rash require increased awareness and changes to the investigation protocols for these conditions, to include testing for SARS‑CoV‑2. In the present review, the mucocutaneous findings associated with the novel coronavirus infection, reported thus far in the literature, was provided.
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April-2022
Volume 23 Issue 4

Print ISSN: 1792-0981
Online ISSN:1792-1015

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Spandidos Publications style
Toader MP, Branisteanu DC, Glod M, Esanu IM, Branisteanu CI, Capsa M, Dimitriu A, Nicolescu AC, Pinzariu AC, Branisteanu DE, Branisteanu DE, et al: Mucocutaneous lesions associated with SARS‑CoV‑2 infection (Review). Exp Ther Med 23: 258, 2022.
APA
Toader, M.P., Branisteanu, D.C., Glod, M., Esanu, I.M., Branisteanu, C.I., Capsa, M. ... Branisteanu, D.E. (2022). Mucocutaneous lesions associated with SARS‑CoV‑2 infection (Review). Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 23, 258. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2022.11183
MLA
Toader, M. P., Branisteanu, D. C., Glod, M., Esanu, I. M., Branisteanu, C. I., Capsa, M., Dimitriu, A., Nicolescu, A. C., Pinzariu, A. C., Branisteanu, D. E."Mucocutaneous lesions associated with SARS‑CoV‑2 infection (Review)". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 23.4 (2022): 258.
Chicago
Toader, M. P., Branisteanu, D. C., Glod, M., Esanu, I. M., Branisteanu, C. I., Capsa, M., Dimitriu, A., Nicolescu, A. C., Pinzariu, A. C., Branisteanu, D. E."Mucocutaneous lesions associated with SARS‑CoV‑2 infection (Review)". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 23, no. 4 (2022): 258. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2022.11183