Pterostilbene attenuates the proliferation and differentiation of TNF‑α‑treated human periodontal ligament stem cells

Yi,Min; Wang,Guanglei; Niu,Jianhua; Peng,Minghui; Liu,Yi

doi:10.3892/etm.2022.11233

Pterostilbene attenuates the proliferation and differentiation of TNF‑α‑treated human periodontal ligament stem cells

Authors:
- Min Yi
- Guanglei Wang
- Jianhua Niu
- Minghui Peng
- Yi Liu
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Affiliations: Department of Integrative Therapy, Shanghai Huangpu District 2nd Dental Disease Prevention and Treatment Institute, Shanghai 200001, P.R. China, Department of Stomatology, Jiading District Central Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai 201800, P.R. China
Published online on: February 22, 2022 https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2022.11233
Article Number: 304
Copyright: © Yi et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.

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Abstract

Periodontitis is a common chronic inflammatory oral disease. The objective of periodontal treatment is to control infection whilst regenerating damaged periodontal tissue. The present study aimed to determine the potential effects of pterostilbene (PTE), a representative stilbene compound, on the proliferation and differentiation of human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs). Different concentrations (1, 5, 10 and 20 µM) of PTE were applied to hPDLSCs, after which Cell Counting Kit‑8 and western blotting assays were performed to examine the protein levels of Ki67, PCNA, p‑IκBα, IκBα, Bcl‑2, Bax, cleaved caspase3. The effect of PTE on the release of inflammatory factors, including IL‑1β, IL‑6 and IL‑10 was assessed by RT‑qPCR. The apoptosis of TNF‑α‑induced hPDLSCs was evaluated by TUNEL assay and western blotting. Additionally, the role of PTE in hPDLSC mineralization was evaluated using alizarin red staining. The expression levels of mineralization indices, including RUNX2 and ALP were subsequently determined using western blotting. Subsequently, the target of PTE was predicted using TargetNet database and AutoDock v4.2 software and verified using western blotting. The results of the present study revealed that PTE promoted the proliferation of hPDLSCs in a concentration‑dependent manner. Furthermore, PTE treatment decreased the release of inflammatory factors and alleviated the apoptosis of TNF‑α‑induced hPDLSCs. PTE was also demonstrated to promote the formation of mineral nodules in TNF‑α‑induced hPDLSCs. The Targetnet database, along with molecular docking, indicated that histone deacetylases (HDACs) were the probable targets of PTE upstream of regulating periodontitis. The results of western blotting implied that TNF‑α significantly increased expression levels of HDAC2, 4, 6 and 8, whilst PTE treatment markedly decreased HDAC4, 6 and 8 expression in a concentration‑dependent manner compared with the TNF‑α group, which further confirmed these conclusions. In summary, results of the present study revealed that PTE promoted TNF‑α‑induced hPDLSC proliferation and differentiation, whilst alleviating inflammation and apoptosis. PTE also inhibited the expression of HDACs, which may be involved in the mechanism of periodontitis.

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