Histopathological evaluation of cutaneous malignant melanoma: A retrospective study

Gheoca Mutu,Daniela-Elena; Avino,Adelaida; Balcangiu‑Stroescu,Andra-Elena; Mehedințu,Mihai; Bălan,Daniela Gabriela; Brîndușe,Lăcrămioara Aurelia; Popescu,Ana-Maria; Ionescu,Dorin; Cristea,Bogdan-Mihai; Tomescu,Luminiţa Florentina; Jecan,Cristian-Radu; Răducu,Laura

doi:10.3892/etm.2022.11329

Histopathological evaluation of cutaneous malignant melanoma: A retrospective study

Authors:
- Daniela-Elena Gheoca Mutu
- Adelaida Avino
- Andra-Elena Balcangiu‑Stroescu
- Mihai Mehedințu
- Daniela Gabriela Bălan
- Lăcrămioara Aurelia Brîndușe
- Ana-Maria Popescu
- Dorin Ionescu
- Bogdan-Mihai Cristea
- Luminiţa Florentina Tomescu
- Cristian-Radu Jecan
- Laura Răducu
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Affiliations: Discipline of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest 020021, Romania, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, ‘Professor Dr Agrippa Ionescu’ Clinical Emergency Hospital, Bucharest 011356, Romania, Discipline of Physiology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest 020021, Romania, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, ‘Professor Dr Agrippa Ionescu’ Clinical Emergency Hospital, Bucharest 011356, Romania, Discipline of Physiology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest 020021, Romania, Discipline of Public Health and Management, ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest 020021, Romania, Department of Financial and Economic Analysis and Valuation, Faculty of Accounting and Management Information Systems, Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Bucharest 010731, Romania, Department of Medical Semiology, Discipline of Internal Medicine I and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest 020021, Romania, Department of Interventional Radiology, ‘Professor Dr Agrippa Ionescu’ Clinical Emergency Hospital, Bucharest 011356, Romania
Published online on: April 20, 2022 https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2022.11329
Article Number: 402
Copyright: © Gheoca Mutu et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.

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Abstract

Malignant melanoma is a melanocytic neoplasm with a steadily increasing incidence worldwide. In order to define a proper diagnostic protocol and to establish an accurate prognostic method for the disease, specific biomarkers are of notable importance. Their contribution is also significant in the treatment of melanoma for the improvement of newer and more targeted therapeutic approaches. To emphasize the importance of specific immune markers in the diagnosis of melanoma, immunohistochemical analysis was performed on 56 formalin‑fixed paraffin‑embedded cutaneous melanomas. Besides the traditional prognostic factors, depth of invasion and mitotic rate, the markers tested in the present study were S100 protein family, Melan A, Ki67 and HMB‑45. The present results indicated that immunocytochemistry represents a valuable test in the diagnosis and treatment of malignant melanoma and each biomarker had different associations with the progression and prognosis of the disease. Patients with S100 expression were 4.83 times (95% CI=1.2‑20.8) more likely to suffer a relapse, whereas patients with a Ki67 expression of >30% had a 5.41‑fold higher risk (95% CI=1.3‑22.0). The correlation between S100 and the Breslow depth was statistically significant (r‑value: 0.43; P=0.027). In addition, the importance of a multidisciplinary team including a plastic surgeon, anatomopathologist and oncologist was highlighted.

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