Retrospective study of the impact of diabetes on the severity and prognosis of COVID‑19

Sun,Lijun; Yang,Xiaoli; Cao,Bowei; Su,Xiaodong; Wang,Jianhua; Xu,Cuixiang

doi:10.3892/etm.2024.12482

Retrospective study of the impact of diabetes on the severity and prognosis of COVID‑19

Authors:
- Lijun Sun
- Xiaoli Yang
- Bowei Cao
- Xiaodong Su
- Jianhua Wang
- Cuixiang Xu
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Affiliations: Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection and Immune Diseases, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710068, P.R. China, Information Department, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710068, P.R. China, Department of Medical Records, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710068, P.R. China, Second Department of General Surgery, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710068, P.R. China
Published online on: March 11, 2024 https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2024.12482
Article Number: 194
Copyright: © Sun et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.

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Abstract

Patients with diabetes coexisting with viral infection tend to have poor outcomes, but the association between diabetes and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‑19) prognosis is controversial at present. The present study reviewed and analyzed the data of 1,892 patients with COVID‑19 admitted to Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital (Xi'an, China). Demographic, clinical, laboratory and treatment data as well as clinical outcomes were extracted from the electronic medical records and compared between patients with and without diabetes. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to determine the risk factors affecting the prognosis of COVID‑19. Compared with patients without diabetes, the levels of glucose, C‑reactive protein, procalcitonin, creatinine, total bilirubin and plasma D‑dimer were significantly increased in patients with diabetes, while the levels of lymphocytes and albumin were significantly decreased (P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that platelet count, albumin, total bilirubin and lymphocytes were significantly correlated with the severity of COVID‑19. Diabetes mellitus was an independent prognostic factor that affected the mortality outcome of patients with COVID‑19. Additionally, an age of ≥80 years, male sex, cerebral infarction complications and a critical diagnosis of COVID‑19 at admission were risk factors for critical illness during hospitalization. The results of the present study suggest that diabetes may be a risk factor for the rapid progression and poor prognosis of COVID‑19. Therefore, further attention should be paid to individuals with diabetes in order to prevent rapid deterioration.

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