Gut microbiota of children with autism spectrum disorder and healthy siblings: A comparative study

Abuljadayel,Dalia; Alotibi,Asalah; Algothmi,Khloud; Basingab,Fatemah; Alhazmi,Safiah; Almuhammadi,Asma; Alharthi,Amani; Alyoubi,Reem; Bahieldin,Ahmad

doi:10.3892/etm.2024.12719

Gut microbiota of children with autism spectrum disorder and healthy siblings: A comparative study

Authors:
- Dalia Abuljadayel
- Asalah Alotibi
- Khloud Algothmi
- Fatemah Basingab
- Safiah Alhazmi
- Asma Almuhammadi
- Amani Alharthi
- Reem Alyoubi
- Ahmad Bahieldin
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Affiliations: Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia, Department of Biology, College of Science in Zulfi, Majmaaha University, Zulfi 11932, Saudi Arabia, College of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22252, Saudi Arabia
Published online on: September 16, 2024 https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2024.12719
Article Number: 430
Copyright: © Abuljadayel et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.

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Abstract

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental abnormality that impairs social communication. The human gut microbiome (GM) influences a variety of local processes, including dysbiosis and the defense against pathogenic microorganisms. The aim of the present study was to categorize and identify molecular biomarkers for ASD. In the present study, metagenomics whole genome shotgun sequencing was used to identify the gut microbiota in autistic individuals. Fecal samples from four children with ASD and four healthy control siblings, aged 3‑10 years old, were examined using bioinformatics analysis. A total of 673,091 genes were cataloged, encompassing 25 phyla and 2 kingdoms based on the taxonomy analysis. The results revealed 257 families, 34 classes, 84 orders, and 1,314 genera among 4,339 species. The top 10 most abundant genes and corresponding functional genes for each group were determined after the abundance profile was screened. The results showed that children with ASD had a higher abundance of certain gut microbiomes than their normal siblings and vice versa. The phyla Firmicutes and Proteobacteria were the most abundant in ASD. The Thermoanaerobacteria class was also restricted to younger healthy individuals. Moreover, the Lactobacillaceae family was more abundant in children with ASD. Additionally, it was discovered that children with ASD had a higher abundance of the Bacteroides genus and a lower abundance of the Bifidobacterium and Prevotella genera. In conclusion, there were more pathogenic genera and species and higher levels of biomass, diversity and richness in the GM of children with ASD.

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