Mechanisms of cisplatin sensitivity and resistance in testicular germ cell tumors and potential therapeutic agents (Review)
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- Published online on: February 24, 2025 https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2025.12832
- Article Number: 82
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Copyright: © Zhan et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
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Abstract
Testicular germ cell tumors (TGCTs) are the most common tumors in men aged 20‑40 years and are primarily treated with cisplatin‑based drugs. Although TGCTs are highly sensitive to DNA damage induced by cisplatin and show a hypersensitive apoptotic response, cisplatin resistance still exists. Emerging evidence shows that cisplatin resistance in TGCTs is mainly related to the inhibition of apoptotic pathways such as MDM2/p53, OCT4/NOXA, PDGFR/PI3K/AKT, inhibition of cell cycle checkpoints, increased methylation or neddylation and DNA repair balance. In this review, recent advances regarding the mechanisms of TGCTs' sensitivity and resistance to cisplatin were summarized and potential therapeutic agents for cisplatin‑resistant TGCTs were presented, providing a new therapeutic strategy for drug‑resistant TGCTs.
