Schisandrae semen essential oil attenuates oxidative stress-induced cell damage in C2C12 murine skeletal muscle cells through Nrf2‑mediated upregulation of HO‑1

Kang,Ji  Sook; Han,Min  Ho; Kim,Gi‑Young; Kim,Cheol  Min; Chung,Hae  Young; Hwang,Hye  Jin; Kim,Byung  Woo; Choi,Yung  Hyun

doi:10.3892/ijmm.2014.2028

Schisandrae semen essential oil attenuates oxidative stress-induced cell damage in C2C12 murine skeletal muscle cells through Nrf2‑mediated upregulation of HO‑1

Authors:
- Ji Sook Kang
- Min Ho Han
- Gi‑Young Kim
- Cheol Min Kim
- Hae Young Chung
- Hye Jin Hwang
- Byung Woo Kim
- Yung Hyun Choi
View Affiliations

Affiliations: Blue‑Bio Industry RIC and Anti‑Aging Research Center, Dongeui University, Busan 614-714, Republic of Korea, Department of Biochemistry, Dongeui University College of Korean Medicine, Busan 614-052, Republic of Korea, Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea, Department of Biochemistry, Busan National University College of Medicine, Yangsan 626-870, Republic of Korea, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (MRCA), Department of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
Published online on: December 8, 2014 https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2014.2028
Pages: 453-459

Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )

Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )

Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

Abstract

The aim of the present study was to examine the cytoprotective effects of Schisandrae semen essential oil (SSeo), purified from Schisandrae fructus, against oxidative stress‑induced cell damage in C2C12 myoblasts. SSeo attenuated hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)‑induced growth inhibition and exhibited scavenging activity against the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) that were induced by H2O2. SSeo also inhibited comet tail formation, chromatin condensation and phospho‑histone γH2A.X expression, suggesting that it prevents H2O2‑induced cellular DNA damage and apoptotic cell death. Furthermore, SSeo significantly enhanced the expression of heme oxygenase‑1 (HO‑1) associated with the induction of nuclear factor erythroid‑2‑related factor 2 (Nrf2) in a time‑ and concentration‑dependent manner. In addition, the protective effect of SSeo on H2O2‑induced C2C12 cell damage was significantly inhibited by zinc protoporphyrin IX, an HO‑1 competitive inhibitor, in C2C12 cells. These findings suggest that SSeo augments the cellular antioxidant defense capacity through intrinsic free radical scavenging activity and activation of the Nrf2/HO‑1 pathway, thereby protecting the C2C12 cells from H2O2‑induced oxidative cytotoxicity. As a result, SSeo may have therapeutic potential in the development of functional foods and as the raw material for medicines to protect against oxidative stress.

View Figures

View References

1	Zhang Y, Du Y, Le W, Wang K, Kieffer N and Zhang J: Redox control of the survival of healthy and diseased cells. Antioxid Redox Signal. 15:2867–2908. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
2	Piantadosi CA: Carbon monoxide, reactive oxygen signaling, and oxidative stress. Free Radic Biol Med. 45:562–569. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
3	Ray PD, Huang BW and Tsuji Y: Reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis and redox regulation in cellular signaling. Cell Signal. 24:981–990. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
4	Ott M, Gogvadze V, Orrenius S and Zhivotovsky B: Mitochondria, oxidative stress and cell death. Apoptosis. 12:913–922. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
5	Valko M, Leibfritz D, Moncol J, Cronin MT, Mazur M and Telser J: Free radicals and antioxidants in normal physiological functions and human disease. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 39:44–84. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar
6	Chapple SJ, Siow RC and Mann GE: Crosstalk between Nrf2 and the proteasome: therapeutic potential of Nrf2 inducers in vascular disease and aging. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 44:1315–1320. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
7	Alam J and Cook JL: Transcriptional regulation of the heme oxygenase-1 gene via the stress response element pathway. Curr Pharm Des. 9:2499–2511. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
8	Jeong WS, Jun M and Kong AN: Nrf2: a potential molecular target for cancer che-moprevention by natural compounds. Antioxid Redox Signal. 8:99–106. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
9	Chen XL and Kunsch C: Induction of cytoprotective genes through Nrf2/antioxidant response element pathway: a new therapeutic approach for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. Curr Pharm Des. 10:879–891. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
10	Panossian A and Wikman G: Pharmacology of Schisandra chinensis Bail.: an overview of Russian research and uses in medicine. J Ethnopharmacol. 118:183–212. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
11	Lu Y and Chen DF: Analysis of Schisandra chinensis and Schisandra sphenanthera. J Chromatogr A. 1216:1980–1990. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar
12	Ma CH, Liu TT, Yang L, Zu YG, Chen X, Zhang L, Zhang Y and Zhao C: Ionic liquid-based microwave-assisted extraction of essential oil and biphenyl cyclooctene lignans from Schisandra chinensis Baill fruits. J Chromatogr A. 1218:8573–8580. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
13	Ma CH, Yang L, Zu YG and Liu TT: Optimization of conditions of solvent-free microwave extraction and study on antioxidant capacity of essential oil from Schisandra chinensis (Turcz) Baill. Food Chem. 134:2532–2539. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar
14	Ikeya Y, Taguchi H, Yosioka I and Kobayashi H: The constituents of Schizandra chinensis Baill. I. Isolation and structure determination of five new lignans, gomisin A, B, C, F and G, and the absolute structure of schizandrin. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo). 27:1383–1394. 1979. View Article : Google Scholar
15	Lee YW, Voyksner RD, Pack TW, Cook CE, Fang QC and Ito Y: Application of countercurrent chromatography/thermospray mass spectrometry for the identification of bioactive lignans from plant natural products. Anal Chem. 62:244–248. 1990. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
16	Opletal L, Sovová H and Bártlová M: Dibenzo[a,c]cyclooctadiene lignans of the genus Schisandra: importance, isolation and determination. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 812:357–371. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
17	Wang L, Chen Y, Song Y, Chen Y and Liu X: GC-MS of volatile components of Schisandra chinensis obtained by supercritical fluid and conventional extraction. J Sep Sci. 31:3238–3245. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
18	Liu CJ, Zhang SQ, Zhang JS, Liang Q and Li DS: Chemical composition and antioxidant activity of essential oil from berries of Schisandra chinensis (Turcz) Baill. Nat Prod Res. 26:2199–2203. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar
19	Chen X, Zhang Y, Zu Y and Yang L: Chemical composition and antioxidant activity of the essential oil of Schisandra chinensis fruits. Nat Prod Res. 26:842–849. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar
20	Song L, Ding JY, Tang C and Yin CH: Compositions and biological activities of essential oils of Kadsura longepedunculata and Schisandra sphenanthera. Am J Chin Med. 35:353–364. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
21	Minaiyan M, Ghannadi AR, Afsharipour M and Mahzouni P: Effects of extract and essential oil of Rosmarinus officinalis L. on TNBS-induced colitis in rats. Res Pharm Sci. 6:13–21. 2011.PubMed/NCBI
22	Lee SJ, Hwang SO, Noh EJ, Kim DU, Nam M, Kim JH, Nam JH and Hoe KL: Transactivation of bad by vorinostat-induced acetylated p53 enhances doxorubicin-induced cytotoxicity in cervical cancer cells. Exp Mol Med. 46:e762014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
23	Xie H, Wise SS, Holmes AL, Xu B, Wakeman TP, Pelsue SC, Singh NP and Wise JP Sr: Carcinogenic lead chromate induces DNA double-strand breaks in human lung cells. Mutat Res. 586:160–172. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
24	Lee DS, Li B, Kim KS, Jeong GS, Kim EC and Kim YC: Butein protects human dental pulp cells from hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative toxicity via Nrf2 pathway-dependent heme oxygenase-1 expressions. Toxicol In Vitro. 27:874–881. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
25	Hampton MB and Orrenius S: Redox regulation of apoptotic cell death. Biofactors. 8:1–5. 1998. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
26	Chandra J, Samali A and Orrenius S: Triggering and modulation of apoptosis by oxidative stress. Free Radic Biol Med. 29:323–333. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
27	Nguyen TT, Park HJ, Kim JY, Kim HE, Lee H, Yoon J and Lee C: Microbial inactivation by cupric ion in combination with H₂O₂: role of reactive oxidants. Environ Sci Technol. 47:13661–13667. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
28	Lee EK, Kim JA, Park SJ, Kim JK, Heo K, Yang KM and Son TG: Low-dose radiation activates Nrf1/2 through reactive species and the Ca²⁺/ERK1/2 signaling pathway in human skin fibroblast cells. BMB Rep. 46:258–263. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI