Protective effect of ixerisoside A against UVB‑induced pro‑inflammatory cytokine production in human keratinocytes

Kim,Sung‑Bae; Kim,Ji‑Eun; Kang,Ok‑Hwa; Mun,Su‑Hyun; Seo,Yun‑Soo; Kang,Da‑Hye; Yang,Da‑Wun; Ryu,Shi‑Yong; Lee,Young‑Mi; Kwon,Dong‑Yeul

doi:10.3892/ijmm.2015.2120

Protective effect of ixerisoside A against UVB‑induced pro‑inflammatory cytokine production in human keratinocytes

Authors:
- Sung‑Bae Kim
- Ji‑Eun Kim
- Ok‑Hwa Kang
- Su‑Hyun Mun
- Yun‑Soo Seo
- Da‑Hye Kang
- Da‑Wun Yang
- Shi‑Yong Ryu
- Young‑Mi Lee
- Dong‑Yeul Kwon
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Affiliations: BK21 Plus Team, Professional Graduate School of Oriental Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 570‑749, Republic of Korea, Department of Oriental Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Wonkwang‑Oriental Medicines Research Institute, Institute of Biotechnology, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 570‑749, Republic of Korea, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 305‑600, Republic of Korea
Published online on: March 2, 2015 https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2015.2120
Pages: 1411-1418

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Abstract

Human skin is the first line of defense for the protection of the internal organs of the body from different stimuli. Ultraviolet B (UVB), one of the harmful radiations for skin, is widely known to induce abnormally increased cytokine release from keratinocytes leading to inflammatory skin disorders. IL‑6 and IL‑8 induce an acute‑phase response and stimulate leukocyte infiltration in the skin. Previous studies have shown that chronic exposure to UVB radiation increases cyclooxygenase‑2 (COX‑2) expression through various cell signaling pathways, resulting in skin cancer. Recent studies have shown that the activation of extracellular signal‑regulated kinase (ERK), c‑Jun NH2‑terminal kinase (JNK), and p38 MAPK is strongly correlated with acute inflammation and development of skin cancer caused by an increased expression of COX‑2. Ixerisoside A (IXA) is an active constituent of Ixeris dentata of the Compositae (Asteraceae) family. The effect of IXA on skin inflammation has yet to be elucidated. To determine the anti‑inflammatory effects of IXA, we examined its effect on UVB‑induced pro‑inflammatory cytokine production in human keratinocytes (HaCaT cells) by observing these cells in the presence or absence of IXA. In this study, pro‑inflammatory cytokine production was determined by enzyme‑linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), reverse transcription‑polymerase chain reaction (rt‑pcr), and western blot analysis to evaluate the activation of mitogen‑activated protein kinases (MAPKs). IXA inhibited UVB‑induced production of the pro‑inflammatory cytokines IL‑6 and IL‑8 in a dose‑dependent manner. Moreover, IXA inhibited the expression of COX‑2, ERK, JNK, and p38 MAPKs, indicating that the secretion of the pro‑inflammatory cytokines IL‑6 and IL‑8, and COX‑2 expression was inhibited by blocking MAPK phosphorylation. These results indicated that IXA potentially protects against UVB‑induced skin inflammation.

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