Combination of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate with diethyldithiocarbamate markedly inhibits pancreatic cancer cell growth in 3D culture and in immunodeficient mice

  • Authors:
    • Huarong Huang
    • Kajia Cao
    • Saquib Malik
    • Qiuyan Zhang
    • Dongli Li
    • Richard Chang
    • Huaqian Wang
    • Weiping Lin
    • Jeremiah Van Doren
    • Kun Zhang
    • Zhiyun Du
    • Xi Zheng
  • View Affiliations

  • Published online on: April 1, 2015     https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2015.2163
  • Pages: 1617-1624
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Abstract

The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol‑13‑acetate (TPA) and diethyldithiocarbamate (DDTC) alone or in combination on human pancreatic cancer cells cultured in vitro and grown as xenograft tumors in nude mice. Pancreatic cancer cells were treated with either DDTC or TPA alone, or in combination and the number of viable cells was then determined by trypan blue ecxlusion assay and the number of apoptotic cells was determined by morphological assessment by staining the cells with propidium idiode and examining them under a fluorescence microscope. Treatment with DDTC or TPA alone inhibited the growth and promoted the apoptosis of pancreatic cancer cells in a concentration‑dependent manner. These effects were more prominent following treatment with TPA in combination with DDTC than following treatment with either agent alone in PANC-1 cells in monolayer cultures and in 3 dimensional (3D) cultures. The potent effects of the combination treatment on PANC-1 cells were associated with the inhibition of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activation and the decreased expression of Bcl-2 induced by DDTC, as shown by NF-κB-dependent reporter gene expression assay and western blot analysis. Furthermore, treatment of nude mice with DDTC + TPA strongly inhibited the growth of PANC-1 xenograft tumors. The results of the present study indicate that the administration of TPA and DDTC in combination may be an effective strategy for inhibiting the growth of pancreatic cancer.
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June-2015
Volume 35 Issue 6

Print ISSN: 1107-3756
Online ISSN:1791-244X

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Spandidos Publications style
Huang H, Cao K, Malik S, Zhang Q, Li D, Chang R, Wang H, Lin W, Van Doren J, Zhang K, Zhang K, et al: Combination of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate with diethyldithiocarbamate markedly inhibits pancreatic cancer cell growth in 3D culture and in immunodeficient mice. Int J Mol Med 35: 1617-1624, 2015.
APA
Huang, H., Cao, K., Malik, S., Zhang, Q., Li, D., Chang, R. ... Zheng, X. (2015). Combination of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate with diethyldithiocarbamate markedly inhibits pancreatic cancer cell growth in 3D culture and in immunodeficient mice. International Journal of Molecular Medicine, 35, 1617-1624. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2015.2163
MLA
Huang, H., Cao, K., Malik, S., Zhang, Q., Li, D., Chang, R., Wang, H., Lin, W., Van Doren, J., Zhang, K., Du, Z., Zheng, X."Combination of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate with diethyldithiocarbamate markedly inhibits pancreatic cancer cell growth in 3D culture and in immunodeficient mice". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 35.6 (2015): 1617-1624.
Chicago
Huang, H., Cao, K., Malik, S., Zhang, Q., Li, D., Chang, R., Wang, H., Lin, W., Van Doren, J., Zhang, K., Du, Z., Zheng, X."Combination of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate with diethyldithiocarbamate markedly inhibits pancreatic cancer cell growth in 3D culture and in immunodeficient mice". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 35, no. 6 (2015): 1617-1624. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2015.2163