The clinical significance and impact of interleukin 15 on keratinocyte cell growth and migration

Jones,A.  M.; Griffiths,J.  L.; Sanders,A.  J.; Owen,S.; Ruge,F.; Harding,K.  G.; Jiang,W.  G.

doi:10.3892/ijmm.2016.2687

The clinical significance and impact of interleukin 15 on keratinocyte cell growth and migration

Authors:
- A. M. Jones
- J. L. Griffiths
- A. J. Sanders
- S. Owen
- F. Ruge
- K. G. Harding
- W. G. Jiang
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Affiliations: Cardiff China Medical Research Collaborative (CCMRC), Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK, Department of Wound Healing, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
Published online on: July 21, 2016 https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2016.2687
Pages: 679-686
Copyright: © Jones et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.

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Abstract

Chronic wounds represent a significant burden to health services and are associated with patient morbidity. Novel methods to diagnose and/or treat problematic wounds are needed. Interleukin (IL)-15 is a cytokine involved in a number of biological processes and disease states such as inflammation, healing and cancer progression. The current study explores the expression profile of IL-15 and IL-15 receptor α (IL-15Rα) in chronic wounds and its impact on keratinocytes. IL-15 and IL-15Rα expression were examined in healing and non-healing chronic wounds using qPCR and immunohistochemical analysis. The impact of recombinant IL-15 (rhIL-15) on human adult low calcium temperature (HaCaT) keratinocyte growth and migratory potential was further examined. IL-15 transcript expression was slightly, though non-significantly elevated in healing chronic wounds compared with non-healing chronic wounds. IL-15 protein staining was minimal in both subtypes of chronic wounds. By contrast, IL-15Rα transcript and protein expression were both observed to be enhanced in non-healing chronic wounds compared with healing chronic wounds. The treatment of HaCaT cells with rhIL-15 generally enhanced cell growth and promoted migration. Analysis with small molecule inhibitors suggested that the pro-migratory effect of rhIL-15 may be associated with ERK, AKT, PLCγ and FAK signalling. IL-15 may promote healing traits in keratinocytes and the differential expression of IL-15Rα is observed in chronic wounds. Together, this may imply a complex role for this interleukin in wound healing.

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