Grape seed proanthocyanidins inhibit the proliferation, migration and invasion of tongue squamous cell carcinoma cells through suppressing the protein kinase B/nuclear factor-κB signaling pathway

Yang,Ninggang; Gao,Jing; Cheng,Xin; Hou,Cuilan; Yang,Yaya; Qiu,Yanxin; Xu,Mengrou; Zhang,Yuan; Huang,Shuangsheng

doi:10.3892/ijmm.2017.3162

Grape seed proanthocyanidins inhibit the proliferation, migration and invasion of tongue squamous cell carcinoma cells through suppressing the protein kinase B/nuclear factor-κB signaling pathway

Authors:
- Ninggang Yang
- Jing Gao
- Xin Cheng
- Cuilan Hou
- Yaya Yang
- Yanxin Qiu
- Mengrou Xu
- Yuan Zhang
- Shuangsheng Huang
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Affiliations: Department of Urology, The First People's Hospital of Lanzhou City, Lanzhou, Gansu 730050, P.R. China, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hospital of Northwest University for Nationalities, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, P.R. China, School of Basic Medical Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China, Medical College of Northwest University for Nationalities, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, P.R. China
Published online on: September 28, 2017 https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2017.3162
Pages: 1881-1888
Copyright: © Yang et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.

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Abstract

Tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) is the most common oral squamous cell carcinoma. Despite significant advances in combined therapies, the 5-year survival rate of patients with TSCC has not notably improved; this is due to regional recurrences and lymph node metastasis. Grape seed proanthocyanidins (GSPs) are consumed as dietary supplements worldwide and possess anticancer activity against several different types of cancer. However, their effect on TSCC and the underlying mechanisms by which they function remain unclear. In the present study, it was identified that GSPs significantly inhibited the viability and induced the apoptosis of Tca8113 cells in a dose-dependent manner. This was associated with a significantly increased expression of the pro-apoptosis regulator BAX protein and a significantly decreased expression of the anti-apoptosis regulator Bcl-2 protein at 100 µg/ml GSPs. In addition, at non-toxic concentrations GSPs significantly inhibited the secretion of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and MMP-9 from Tca8113 cells, as well as their migration and invasion. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that GSPs significantly inhibited the phosphorylation of protein kinase B (Akt) and IκB kinase, as well as the translocation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) into the nucleus of Tca8113 cells. Taken together, these results suggest that GSPs inhibit the proliferation, migration and invasion of Tca8113 cells through suppression of the Akt/NF-κB signaling pathway. This indicates that GSPs may be developed as a novel potential chemopreventive agent against TSCC.

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