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A new threat from an old enemy: Re‑emergence of coronavirus (Review)

  • Authors:
    • Anca Oana Docea
    • Aristidis Tsatsakis
    • Dana Albulescu
    • Oana Cristea
    • Ovidiu Zlatian
    • Marco Vinceti
    • Sterghios A. Moschos
    • Dimitris Tsoukalas
    • Marina Goumenou
    • Nikolaos Drakoulis
    • Josef M. Dumanov
    • Victor A. Tutelyan
    • Gennadii G. Onischenko
    • Michael Aschner
    • Demetrios A. Spandidos
    • Daniela Calina

  • View Affiliations

  • Published online on: March 27, 2020     https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2020.4555
  • Pages: 1631-1643

  • Copyright: © Docea et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.

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Abstract

The new outbreak of coronavirus from December 2019 has brought attention to an old viral enemy and has raised concerns as to the ability of current protection measures and the healthcare system to handle such a threat. It has been known since the 1960s that coronaviruses can cause respiratory infections in humans; however, their epidemic potential was understood only during the past two decades. In the present review, we address current knowledge on coronaviruses from a short history to epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestation of the disease, as well as treatment and prevention strategies. Although a great amount of research and efforts have been made worldwide to prevent further outbreaks of coronavirus‑associated disease, the spread and lethality of the 2019 outbreak (COVID‑19) is proving to be higher than previous epidemics on account of international travel density and immune naivety of the population. Only strong, joint and coordinated efforts of worldwide healthcare systems, researchers, and pharmaceutical companies and receptive national leaders will succeed in suppressing an outbreak of this scale.
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Journal Cover

June-2020
Volume 45 Issue 6

Print ISSN: 1107-3756
Online ISSN:1791-244X

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  • Journal Metrics
  • Impact Factor: 5.7
  • Ranked Medicine Research and Experimental
    (total number of cites)
  • CiteScore: 12.3
  • CiteScore Rank: Q1: #28/347 Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
  • Source Normalized Impact per Paper (SNIP): 1.022
  • SCImago Journal Rank (SJR): 1.167
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Spandidos Publications style
Docea AO, Tsatsakis A, Albulescu D, Cristea O, Zlatian O, Vinceti M, Moschos SA, Tsoukalas D, Goumenou M, Drakoulis N, Drakoulis N, et al: A new threat from an old enemy: Re‑emergence of coronavirus (Review). Int J Mol Med 45: 1631-1643, 2020.
APA
Docea, A.O., Tsatsakis, A., Albulescu, D., Cristea, O., Zlatian, O., Vinceti, M. ... Calina, D. (2020). A new threat from an old enemy: Re‑emergence of coronavirus (Review). International Journal of Molecular Medicine, 45, 1631-1643. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2020.4555
MLA
Docea, A. O., Tsatsakis, A., Albulescu, D., Cristea, O., Zlatian, O., Vinceti, M., Moschos, S. A., Tsoukalas, D., Goumenou, M., Drakoulis, N., Dumanov, J. M., Tutelyan, V. A., Onischenko, G. G., Aschner, M., Spandidos, D. A., Calina, D."A new threat from an old enemy: Re‑emergence of coronavirus (Review)". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 45.6 (2020): 1631-1643.
Chicago
Docea, A. O., Tsatsakis, A., Albulescu, D., Cristea, O., Zlatian, O., Vinceti, M., Moschos, S. A., Tsoukalas, D., Goumenou, M., Drakoulis, N., Dumanov, J. M., Tutelyan, V. A., Onischenko, G. G., Aschner, M., Spandidos, D. A., Calina, D."A new threat from an old enemy: Re‑emergence of coronavirus (Review)". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 45, no. 6 (2020): 1631-1643. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2020.4555