Zhu N, Zhang D, Wang W, Li X, Yang B, Song J, Zhao X, Huang B, Shi W, Lu R, et al: China Novel Coronavirus Investigating and Research Team: A Novel Coronavirus from Patients with Pneumonia in China, 2019. N Engl J Med. 382:727–733. 2020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Xu J, Zhao S, Teng T, Abdalla AE, Zhu W, Xie L, Wang Y and Guo X: Systematic comparison of two animal-to-human trans-mitted human Coronaviruses: SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV. Viruses. 12:122020. View Article : Google Scholar

Cucinotta D and Vanelli M: WHO Declares COVID-19 a Pandemic. Acta Biomed. 91:157–160. 2020.PubMed/NCBI

Chen L, Jin Q, Zhou Y, Yang J, Wang Z, Ge K, Yang J and Wang H: Clinical characteristics of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Zhejiang province, China. Mol Med Rep. 22:2583–2587. 2020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Kanduc D and Shoenfeld Y: On the molecular determinants of the SARS-CoV-2 attack. Clin Immunol. 215:1084262020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

He J, Guo Y, Mao R and Zhang J: Proportion of asymptomatic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Med Virol. jmv263262020. View Article : Google Scholar

Chen N, Zhou M, Dong X, Qu J, Gong F, Han Y, Qiu Y, Wang J, Liu Y, Wei Y, et al: Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: A descriptive study. Lancet. 395:507–513. 2020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Docea AO, Tsatsakis A, Albulescu D, Cristea O, Zlatian O, Vinceti M, Moschos SA, Tsoukalas D, Goumenou M, Drakoulis N, et al: A new threat from an old enemy: Re-emergence of coronavirus (Review). Int J Mol Med. 45:1631–1643. 2020.PubMed/NCBI

Kostoff RN, Briggs MB, Porter AL, Aschner M, Spandidos DA and Tsatsakis A: [Editorial] COVID-19: Post-lockdown guidelines. Int J Mol Med. 46:463–466. 2020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Shoenfeld Y: Corona (COVID-19) time musings: Our involvement in COVID-19 pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment and vaccine planning. Autoimmun Rev. 19:1025382020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Mehta P, McAuley DF, Brown M, Sanchez E and Tattersall RS: COVID-19: Consider cytokine storm syndromes and immuno-suppression. Lancet. 395:1033–1034. 2020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Stancioiu F, Papadakis GZ, Kteniadakis S, Izotov BN, Coleman MD, Spandidos DA and Tsatsakis A: A dissection of SARS-CoV-2 with clinical implications (Review). Int J Mol Med. 46:489–508. 2020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Kerslake R, Hall M, Randeva HS, Spandidos DA, Chatha K, Kyrou I and Karteris E: Co-expression of peripheral olfactory receptors with SARS-CoV-2 infection mediators: Potential implications beyond loss of smell as a COVID-19 symptom. Int J Mol Med. 46:949–956. 2020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Tang N, Li D, Wang X and Sun Z: Abnormal coagulation parameters are associated with poor prognosis in patients with novel coronavirus pneumonia. J Thromb Haemost. 18:844–847. 2020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Ruscitti P, Berardicurti O, Di Benedetto P, Cipriani P, Iagnocco A, Shoenfeld Y and Giacomelli R: Severe COVID-19, Another Piece in the Puzzle of the Hyperferritinemic Syndrome. An Immunomodulatory Perspective to Alleviate the Storm. Front Immunol. 11:11302020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Perricone C, Bartoloni E, Bursi R, Cafaro G, Guidelli GM, Shoenfeld Y and Gerli R: COVID-19 as part of the hyperferritinemic syndromes: The role of iron depletion therapy. Immunol Res. 68:213–224. 2020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Blanco-Melo D, Nilsson-Payant BE, Liu WC, Møller R, Panis M, Sachs D and Albrecht RA: tenOever BR:SARS-CoV-2 launches a unique transcriptional signature from in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo systems. bioRxiv: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.24.004655.

Fagone P, Ciurleo R, Lombardo SD, Iacobello C, Palermo CI, Shoenfeld Y, Bendtzen K, Bramanti P and Nicoletti F: Transcriptional landscape of SARS-CoV-2 infection dismantles pathogenic pathways activated by the virus, proposes unique sex-specific differences and predicts tailored therapeutic strategies. Autoimmun Rev. 19:1025712020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Zhou Y, Zhou B, Pache L, Chang M, Khodabakhshi AH, Tanaseichuk O, Benner C and Chanda SK: Metascape provides a biologist-oriented resource for the analysis of systems-level datasets. Nat Commun. 10:15232019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Aran D, Hu Z and Butte AJ: xCell: Digitally portraying the tissue cellular heterogeneity landscape. Genome Biol. 18:2202017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Cheng Y, Luo R, Wang K, Zhang M, Wang Z, Dong L, Li J, Yao Y, Ge S and Xu G: Kidney disease is associated with in-hospital death of patients with COVID-19. Kidney Int. 97:829–838. 2020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Wu Y, Xu X, Chen Z, Duan J, Hashimoto K, Yang L, Liu C and Yang C: Nervous system involvement after infection with COVID-19 and other coronaviruses. Brain Behav Immun. 87:18–22. 2020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Han H, Yang L, Liu R, Liu F, Wu KL, Li J, Liu XH and Zhu CL: Prominent changes in blood coagulation of patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Clin Chem Lab Med. 58:1116–1120. 2020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Cavalli E, Bramanti A, Ciurleo R, Tchorbanov AI, Giordano A, Fagone P, Belizna C, Bramanti P, Shoenfeld Y and Nicoletti F: Entangling COVID-19 associated thrombosis into a secondary antiphospholipid antibody syndrome: Diagnostic and therapeutic perspectives (Review). Int J Mol Med. 46:903–912. 2020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Ehrenfeld M, Tincani A, Andreoli L, Cattalini M, Greenbaum A, Kanduc D, Alijotas-Reig J, Zinserling V, Semenova N, Amital H, et al: Covid-19 and autoimmunity. Autoimmun Rev. 19:1025972020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Zhang Y, Xiao M, Zhang S, Xia P, Cao W, Jiang W, Chen H, Ding X, Zhao H, Zhang H, et al: Coagulopathy and antiphos-pholipid antibodies in patients with Covid-19. N Engl J Med. 382:e382020. View Article : Google Scholar

Beyrouti R, Adams ME, Benjamin L, Cohen H, Farmer SF, Goh YY, Humphries F, Jäger HR, Losseff NA, Perry RJ, et al: Characteristics of ischaemic stroke associated with COVID-19. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 91:889–891. 2020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Harzallah I, Debliquis A and Drenou B: Lupus anticoagulant is frequent in patients with Covid-19. J Thromb Haemost. 18:2064–2065. 2020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Zayet S, Klopfenstein T, Kovacs R, Stancescu S and Hagenkötter B: Acute cerebral stroke with multiple infarctions and COVID-19, France, 2020. Emerg Infect Dis. 26:262020. View Article : Google Scholar

Helms J, Tacquard C, Severac F, Leonard-Lorant I, Ohana M, Delabranche X, Merdji H, Clere-Jehl R, Schenck M, Fagot Gandet F, et al: CRICS TRIGGERSEP Group (Clinical Research in Intensive Care and Sepsis Trial Group for Global Evaluation and Research in Sepsis): High risk of thrombosis in patients with severe SARS-CoV-2 infection: A multicenter prospective cohort study. Intensive Care Med. 46:1089–1098. 2020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Sieiro Santos C, Nogal Arias C, Moriano Morales C, Ballesteros Pomar M, Diez Alvarez E and Perez Sandoval T: Antiphospholipid antibodies in patient with acute lower member ischemia and pulmonary thromboembolism as a result of infection by SARS-CoV2. Clin Rheumatol. 39:2105–2106. 2020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Fagone P, Mangano K, Quattrocchi C, Motterlini R, Di Marco R, Magro G, Penacho N, Romao CC and Nicoletti F: Prevention of clinical and histological signs of proteolipid protein (PLP)-induced experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) in mice by the water-soluble carbon monoxide-releasing molecule (CORM)-A1. Clin Exp Immunol. 163:368–374. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Fagone P, Mangano K, Coco M, Perciavalle V, Garotta G, Romao CC and Nicoletti F: Therapeutic potential of carbon monoxide in multiple sclerosis. Clin Exp Immunol. 167:179–187. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Cavalli E, Mazzon E, Basile MS, Mangano K, Di Marco R, Bramanti P, Nicoletti F, Fagone P and Petralia MC: Upregulated expression of macrophage migration inhibitory factor, its analogue D-Dopachrome Tautomerase, and the CD44 receptor in peripheral CD4 T cells from clinically isolated syndrome patients with rapid conversion to clinical defined multiple sclerosis. Medicina (Kaunas). 55:6672019. View Article : Google Scholar

Rothweiler F, Michaelis M, Brauer P, Otte J, Weber K, Fehse B, Doerr HW, Wiese M, Kreuter J, Al-Abed Y, et al: Anticancer effects of the nitric oxide-modified saquinavir derivative saquinavir-NO against multidrug-resistant cancer cells. Neoplasia. 12:1023–1030. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Nicoletti F, Fagone P, Meroni P, McCubrey J and Bendtzen K: mTOR as a multifunctional therapeutic target in HIV infection. Drug Discov Today. 16:715–721. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Lombardo SD, Mazzon E, Basile MS, Cavalli E, Bramanti P, Nania R, Fagone P, Nicoletti F and Petralia MC: Upregulation of IL-1 receptor antagonist in a mouse model of migraine. Brain Sci. 9:1722019. View Article : Google Scholar :

Petralia MC, Mazzon E, Fagone P, Falzone L, Bramanti P, Nicoletti F and Basile MS: Retrospective follow-up analysis of the transcriptomic patterns of cytokines, cytokine receptors and chemokines at preconception and during pregnancy, in women with post-partum depression. Exp Ther Med. 18:2055–2062. 2019.PubMed/NCBI

Lombardo SD, Mazzon E, Mangano K, Basile MS, Cavalli E, Mammana S, Fagone P, Nicoletti F and Petralia MC: Transcriptomic analysis reveals involvement of the macrophage migration inhibitory factor gene network in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. Genes (Basel). 10. pp. 9392019, View Article : Google Scholar

Kosiewicz MM, Auci DL, Fagone P, Mangano K, Caponnetto S, Tucker CF, Azeem N, White SK, Frincke JM, Reading CL, et al: HE3286, an orally bioavailable synthetic analogue of an active DHEA metabolite suppresses spontaneous autoimmune diabetes in the non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse. Eur J Pharmacol. 658:257–262. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Lombardo SD, Presti M, Mangano K, Petralia MC, Basile MS, Libra M, Candido S, Fagone P, Mazzon E, Nicoletti F, et al: Prediction of PD-L1 expression in neuroblastoma via computational modeling. Brain Sci. 9:2212019. View Article : Google Scholar :

Basile MS, Mazzon E, Russo A, Mammana S, Longo A, Bonfiglio V, Fallico M, Caltabiano R, Fagone P, Nicoletti F, et al: Differential modulation and prognostic values of immuneescape genes in uveal melanoma. PLoS One. 14:e02102762019. View Article : Google Scholar

Vabret N, Britton GJ, Gruber C, Hegde S, Kim J, Kuksin M, Levantovsky R, Malle L, Moreira A, Park MD, et al: Sinai Immunology Review Project: Immunology of COVID-19: Current State of the Science. Immunity. 52:910–941. 2020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Bao L, Deng W, Gao H, Xiao C, Liu J, Xue J, Lv Q, Liu J, Yu P, Xu Y, et al: Reinfection could not occur in SARS-CoV-2 infected rhesus macaques. bioRxiv: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.13990226.

Okba NMA, Müller MA, Li W, Wang C, Geurts van Kessel CH, Corman VM, Lamers MM, Sikkema RS, de Bruin E, Chandler FD, et al: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2-specific antibody responses in coronavirus disease patients. Emerg Infect Dis. 26:1478–1488. 2020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Zhao J, Yuan Q, Wang H, Liu W, Liao X, Su Y, Wang X, Yuan J, Li T, Li J, et al: Antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 in patients of novel coronavirus disease 2019. Clin Infect Dis. March 28–2020.Epub ahead of print. View Article : Google Scholar

Zhou F, Yu T, Du R, Fan G, Liu Y, Liu Z, Xiang J, Wang Y, Song B, Gu X, et al: Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: A retro-spective cohort study. Lancet. 395:1054–1062. 2020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Tetro JA: Is COVID-19 receiving ADE from other coronaviruses? Microbes Infect. 22:72–73. 2020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Cao X: COVID-19: Immunopathology and its implications for therapy. Nat Rev Immunol. 20:269–270. 2020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Iwasaki A and Yang Y: The potential danger of suboptimal antibody responses in COVID-19. Nat Rev Immunol. 20:339–341. 2020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Huang A, Garcia-Carreras B, Hitchings M, Yang B, Katzelnick LC, Rattigan SM, Borgert BA, Moreno CA, Solomon BD, Rodriguez-Barraquer I, et al: A systematic review of antibody mediated immunity to coronaviruses: antibody kinetics, correlates of protection, and association of antibody responses with severity of disease. medRxiv. View Article : Google Scholar

Zheng Y, Li R and Liu S: Immunoregulation with mTOR inhibitors to prevent COVID-19 severity: A novel intervention strategy beyond vaccines and specific antiviral medicines. J Med Virol. May 22–2020.Epub ahead of print.

Raybuck AL, Cho SH, Li J, Rogers MC, Lee K, Williams CL, Shlomchik M, Thomas JW, Chen J, Williams JV, et al: B cell-intrinsic mTORC1 promotes germinal center-defining transcription factor gene expression, somatic hypermutation, and memory B cell generation in humoral immunity. J Immunol. 200:2627–2639. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Kindrachuk J, Ork B, Hart BJ, Mazur S, Holbrook MR, Frieman MB, Traynor D, Johnson RF, Dyall J, Kuhn JH, et al: Antiviral potential of ERK/MAPK and PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling modulation for Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection as identified by temporal kinome analysis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 59:1088–1099. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar :

Kuss-Duerkop SK, Wang J, Mena I, White K, Metreveli G, Sakthivel R, Mata MA, Muñoz-Moreno R, Chen X, Krammer F, et al: Influenza virus differentially activates mTORC1 and mTORC2 signaling to maximize late stage replication. PLoS Pathog. 13:e10066352017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Nicoletti F, Lapenta C, Donati S, Spada M, Ranazzi A, Cacopardo B, Mangano K, Belardelli F, Perno C and Aquaro S: Inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) infection in human peripheral blood leucocytes - SCID reconstituted mice by rapamycin. Clin Exp Immunol. 155:28–34. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar :

Donia M, McCubrey JA, Bendtzen K and Nicoletti F: Potential use of rapamycin in HIV infection. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 70:784–793. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Wang CH, Chung FT, Lin SM, Huang SY, Chou CL, Lee KY, Lin TY and Kuo HP: Adjuvant treatment with a mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor, sirolimus, and steroids improves outcomes in patients with severe H1N1 pneumonia and acute respiratory failure. Crit Care Med. 42:313–321. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar

Cai H: Sex difference and smoking predisposition in patients with COVID-19. Lancet Respir Med. 8:e202020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Li L, Huang T and Wang Y, Wang ZP, Liang Y, Huang TB, Zhang HY, Sun W and Wang Y: COVID-19 patients' clinical characteristics, discharge rate, and fatality rate of meta-analysis. J Med Virol. 92:577–583. 2020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Lai JJ, Lai KP, Zeng W, Chuang KH, Altuwaijri S and Chang C: Androgen receptor influences on body defense system via modulation of innate and adaptive immune systems: Lessons from conditional AR knockout mice. Am J Pathol. 181:1504–1512. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Gubbels Bupp MR and Jorgensen TN: Androgen-induced immunosuppression. Front Immunol. 9:7942018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Kovats S: Estrogen receptors regulate innate immune cells and signaling pathways. Cell Immunol. 294:63–69. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Zhou Y, Hou Y, Shen J, Huang Y, Martin W and Cheng F: Network-based drug repurposing for novel coronavirus 2019-nCoV/SARS-CoV-2. Cell Discov. 6:142020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI