Semaglutide attenuates seizure severity and ameliorates cognitive dysfunction by blocking the NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 inflammasome in pentylenetetrazole‑kindled mice

Wang,Lei; Ding,Jiangwei; Zhu,Changliang; Guo,Baorui; Yang,Wu; He,Wenxin; Li,Xinxiao; Wang,Yangyang; Li,Wenchao; Wang,Feng; Sun,Tao

doi:10.3892/ijmm.2021.5052

Semaglutide attenuates seizure severity and ameliorates cognitive dysfunction by blocking the NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 inflammasome in pentylenetetrazole‑kindled mice

Authors:
- Lei Wang
- Jiangwei Ding
- Changliang Zhu
- Baorui Guo
- Wu Yang
- Wenxin He
- Xinxiao Li
- Yangyang Wang
- Wenchao Li
- Feng Wang
- Tao Sun
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Affiliations: Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Disease, Incubation Base of National Key Laboratory, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750000, P.R. China, Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, P.R. China
Published online on: October 20, 2021 https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2021.5052
Article Number: 219
Copyright: © Wang et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.

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Abstract

Epilepsy comorbidities and anti‑epileptic drugs (AEDs) are currently the main limitations of epilepsy treatment. Semaglutide is a glucagon like peptide‑1 analogue that has entered the market as a new once‑weekly drug for type II diabetes. The aim of the present study was to investigate the functions of semaglutide in epilepsy and inflammation models, in order to investigate its potential mechanism. In vitro, an inflammation model was established using lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and nigericin stimulation in BV2 cells. In vivo, chronic epilepsy model mice were generated using a pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) kindling method. BV2 cell proliferation was assessed using the Cell Counting Kit‑8. The effects of semaglutide on NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation and inflammatory cytokine secretion were determined using western blotting (WB) and ELISA. A lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay kit was used to detect the effect of semaglutide on LDH release. Electrocorticography and the modified Racine scale were used to assess seizure severity. Cognitive function was evaluated with behavioral assessment. Morphological changes in the hippocampus were observed with Nissl staining. Double immunofluorescence staining for NeuN and Iba‑1, WB and immunofluorescence analysis of apoptosis‑related proteins were used to evaluate neuronal apoptosis. The NLRP3 inflammasome was assessed by reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR, WB and immunofluorescence staining, and inflammatory cytokine release was evaluated by WB analysis in the hippocampus of C57/BL6J model mouse. Semaglutide attenuated the LPS‑ and nigericin‑induced inflammatory response and LDH release by blocking NLRP3 inflammasome activation in BV2 cells. Moreover, semaglutide decreased seizure severity, alleviated hippocampal neuronal apoptosis, ameliorated cognitive dysfunction, blocked NLRP3 inflammasome activation and decreased inflammatory cytokine secretion in PTZ‑kindled mice. These results indicated that semaglutide reduced seizure severity, exerted neuroprotective effects and ameliorated cognitive dysfunction, possibly via inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome activation and inflammatory cytokine secretion. Semaglutide may therefore be a novel, promising adjuvant therapeutic for epilepsy and its associated comorbidities.

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