Function and characteristics of TIM‑4 in immune regulation and disease (Review)

Wang,Ziyao; Chen,Chen; Su,Yingzhen; Ke,Nengwen

doi:10.3892/ijmm.2022.5213

Function and characteristics of TIM‑4 in immune regulation and disease (Review)

Authors:
- Ziyao Wang
- Chen Chen
- Yingzhen Su
- Nengwen Ke
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Affiliations: Department of Pancreatic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China, Department of Radiology, The First People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, Sichuan 610095, P.R. China, Kunming University School of Medicine, Kunming University School, Kunming, Yunnan 650124, P.R. China
Published online on: December 12, 2022 https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2022.5213
Article Number: 10
Copyright: © Wang et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.

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Abstract

T‑cell/transmembrane immunoglobulin and mucin domain containing 4 (TIM‑4) is a phosphatidylserine receptor that is mainly expressed on antigen‑presenting cells and is involved in the recognition and efferocytosis of apoptotic cells. TIM‑4 has been found to be expressed in immune cells such as natural killer T, B and mast cells and to participate in multiple aspects of immune regulation, suggesting that TIM‑4 may be involved in a variety of immune‑related diseases. Recent studies have confirmed that TIM‑4 is also abnormally expressed in a variety of malignant tumor cells and is closely associated with the occurrence and development of tumors and the tumor immune microenvironment. The present study aimed to describe the expression and functional characteristics of TIM‑4 in detail and to comprehensively discuss its role in pathophysiological processes such as infection, allergy, metabolism, autoimmunity and tumor immunity. The current review provided a comprehensive understanding of the functions and characteristics of TIM‑4, as well as novel ideas for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases.

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