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International Journal of Oncology
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Print ISSN: 1019-6439 Online ISSN: 1791-2423
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Review

ALK inhibitors and advanced non-small cell lung cancer (Review)

  • Authors:
    • Antonio Rossi
    • Paolo Maione
    • Paola Claudia Sacco
    • Assunta Sgambato
    • Francesca Casaluce
    • Marianna Luciana Ferrara
    • Giovanni Palazzolo
    • Fortunato Ciardiello
    • Cesare Gridelli
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Division of Medical Oncology, ‘S.G. Moscati’ Hospital, Avellino, Italy, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy, Division of Medical Oncology, ‘ULSS 15 Cittadella’, Padova, Italy
  • Pages: 499-508
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    Published online on: May 29, 2014
       https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2014.2475
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Abstract

Treatment of unselected patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) receiving third-generation platinum-based chemotherapy has reached a plateau of effectiveness. Histology and molecular analyses are the cornerstone in the initial diagnosis of NSCLC and are key determinants to address the appropriate strategy of treatment. In non-squamous histology the combination of cisplatin plus pemetrexed or carboplatin plus paclitaxel plus bevacizumab are considered today the best regimens yielding better activity and efficacy. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), such as gefitinib, erlotinib or afatinib are the standard-of-care for patients with advanced NSCLC harbouring activating EGFR mutations. The identification of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) rearrangements in 2-5% of NSCLC patients led to the rapid clinical development of its oral TKI, crizotinib, also targeting the proto-oncogene MET and ROS1. The results reported from the first phase III trial showed superiority of crizotinib compared with standard chemotherapy in second-line treatment of ALK-positive NSCLC, which was recently approved in several countries in this setting. Unfortunately, after initial activity of crizotinib, patients will ultimately develop acquired resistances within 1 or 2 years of therapy. A second generation of ALK inhibitors, such as LDK378, alectinib and AP26113 may represent a promising treatment approach: they are under investigation with very promising early results. This review discusses ALK rearrangements, the clinical development and use of crizotinib, and other ALK-TKIs in advanced NSCLC.
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Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Rossi A, Maione P, Sacco PC, Sgambato A, Casaluce F, Ferrara ML, Palazzolo G, Ciardiello F and Gridelli C: ALK inhibitors and advanced non-small cell lung cancer (Review). Int J Oncol 45: 499-508, 2014.
APA
Rossi, A., Maione, P., Sacco, P.C., Sgambato, A., Casaluce, F., Ferrara, M.L. ... Gridelli, C. (2014). ALK inhibitors and advanced non-small cell lung cancer (Review). International Journal of Oncology, 45, 499-508. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2014.2475
MLA
Rossi, A., Maione, P., Sacco, P. C., Sgambato, A., Casaluce, F., Ferrara, M. L., Palazzolo, G., Ciardiello, F., Gridelli, C."ALK inhibitors and advanced non-small cell lung cancer (Review)". International Journal of Oncology 45.2 (2014): 499-508.
Chicago
Rossi, A., Maione, P., Sacco, P. C., Sgambato, A., Casaluce, F., Ferrara, M. L., Palazzolo, G., Ciardiello, F., Gridelli, C."ALK inhibitors and advanced non-small cell lung cancer (Review)". International Journal of Oncology 45, no. 2 (2014): 499-508. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2014.2475
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Rossi A, Maione P, Sacco PC, Sgambato A, Casaluce F, Ferrara ML, Palazzolo G, Ciardiello F and Gridelli C: ALK inhibitors and advanced non-small cell lung cancer (Review). Int J Oncol 45: 499-508, 2014.
APA
Rossi, A., Maione, P., Sacco, P.C., Sgambato, A., Casaluce, F., Ferrara, M.L. ... Gridelli, C. (2014). ALK inhibitors and advanced non-small cell lung cancer (Review). International Journal of Oncology, 45, 499-508. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2014.2475
MLA
Rossi, A., Maione, P., Sacco, P. C., Sgambato, A., Casaluce, F., Ferrara, M. L., Palazzolo, G., Ciardiello, F., Gridelli, C."ALK inhibitors and advanced non-small cell lung cancer (Review)". International Journal of Oncology 45.2 (2014): 499-508.
Chicago
Rossi, A., Maione, P., Sacco, P. C., Sgambato, A., Casaluce, F., Ferrara, M. L., Palazzolo, G., Ciardiello, F., Gridelli, C."ALK inhibitors and advanced non-small cell lung cancer (Review)". International Journal of Oncology 45, no. 2 (2014): 499-508. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2014.2475
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