Folkman J: Tumor angiogenesis: Therapeutic implications. N Engl J Med. 285:1182–1186. 1971. View Article : Google Scholar

Folkman J: Angiogenesis: An organizing principle for drug discovery? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 6:273–286. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Ellis LM, Liu W and Wilson M: Down-regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor in human colon carcinoma cell lines by antisense transfection decreases endothelial cell proliferation. Surgery. 120:871–878. 1996. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Gerber HP, Kowalski J, Sherman D, Eberhard DA and Ferrara N: Complete inhibition of rhabdomyosarcoma xenograft growth and neovascularization requires blockade of both tumor and host vascular endothelial growth factor. Cancer Res. 60:6253–6258. 2000.PubMed/NCBI

Kim KJ, Li B, Winer J, Armanini M, Gillett N, Phillips HS and Ferrara N: Inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor-induced angiogenesis suppresses tumour growth ‘in vivo’. Nature. 362:841–844. 1993. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Klohs WD and Hamby JM: Antiangiogenic agents. Curr Opin Biotechnol. 10:544–549. 1999. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Prewett M, Huber J, Li Y, Santiago A, O'Connor W, King K, Overholser J, Hooper A, Pytowski B, Witte L, et al: Antivascular endothelial growth factor receptor (fetal liver kinase 1) monoclonal antibody inhibits tumor angiogenesis and growth of several mouse and human tumors. Cancer Res. 59:5209–5218. 1999.PubMed/NCBI

Ferrara N and Davis-Smyth T: The biology of vascular endothelial growth factor. Endocr Rev. 18:4–25. 1997. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Sato Y, Kanno S, Oda N, Abe M, Ito M, Shitara K and Shibuya M: Properties of two VEGF receptors, Flt-1 and KDR, in signal transduction. Ann NY Acad Sci. 902:201–205. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Ferrara N: The role of VEGF in the regulation of physiological and pathological angiogenesis. EXS. 94:209–231. 2005.

Tang RF, Itakura J, Aikawa T, Matsuda K, Fujii H, Korc M and Matsumoto Y: Overexpression of lymphangiogenic growth factor VEGF-C in human pancreatic cancer. Pancreas. 22:285–292. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Rydén L, Linderholm B, Nielsen NH, Emdin S, Jönsson PE and Landberg G: Tumor specific VEGF-A and VEGFR2/KDR protein are co-expressed in breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 82:147–154. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar

Decaussin M, Sartelet H, Robert C, Moro D, Claraz C, Brambilla C and Brambilla E: Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its two receptors (VEGF-R1-Flt1 and VEGF-R2-Flk1/KDR) in non-small cell lung carcinomas (NSCLCs): Correlation with angiogenesis and survival. J Pathol. 188:369–377. 1999. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Sun J, Wang DA, Jain RK, Carie A, Paquette S, Ennis E, Blaskovich MA, Baldini L, Coppola D, Hamilton AD, et al: Inhibiting angiogenesis and tumorigenesis by a synthetic molecule that blocks binding of both VEGF and PDGF to their receptors. Oncogene. 24:4701–4709. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Wood JM, Bold G, Buchdunger E, Cozens R, Ferrari S, Frei J, Hofmann F, Mestan J, Mett H, O'Reilly T, et al: PTK787/ZK 222584, a novel and potent inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor tyrosine kinases, impairs vascular endothelial growth factor-induced responses and tumor growth after oral administration. Cancer Res. 60:2178–2189. 2000.PubMed/NCBI

Wedge SR, Ogilvie DJ, Dukes M, Kendrew J, Curwen JO, Hennequin LF, Thomas AP, Stokes ES, Curry B, Richmond GH, et al: ZD4190: An orally active inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor signaling with broad-spectrum antitumor efficacy. Cancer Res. 60:970–975. 2000.PubMed/NCBI

Ferrara N: Vascular endothelial growth factor: Basic science and clinical progress. Endocr Rev. 25:581–611. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

El-Mousawi M, Tchistiakova L, Yurchenko L, Pietrzynski G, Moreno M, Stanimirovic D, Ahmad D and Alakhov V: A vascular endothelial growth factor high affinity receptor 1-specific peptide with antiangiogenic activity identified using a phage display peptide library. J Biol Chem. 278:46681–46691. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Gonçalves M, Estieu-Gionnet K, Berthelot T, Laïn G, Bayle M, Canron X, Betz N, Bikfalvi A and Déléris G: Design, synthesis, and evaluation of original carriers for targeting vascular endothelial growth factor receptor interactions. Pharm Res. 22:1411–1421. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Failla CM, Odorisio T, Cianfarani F, Schietroma C, Puddu P and Zambruno G: Placenta growth factor is induced in human keratinocytes during wound healing. J Invest Dermatol. 115:388–395. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Green CJ, Lichtlen P, Huynh NT, Yanovsky M, Laderoute KR, Schaffner W and Murphy BJ: Placenta growth factor gene expression is induced by hypoxia in fibroblasts: A central role for metal transcription factor-1. Cancer Res. 61:2696–2703. 2001.PubMed/NCBI

Larcher F, Franco M, Bolontrade M, Rodriguez-Puebla M, Casanova L, Navarro M, Yancopoulos G, Jorcano JL and Conti CJ: Modulation of the angiogenesis response through Ha-ras control, placenta growth factor, and angiopoietin expression in mouse skin carcinogenesis. Mol Carcinog. 37:83–90. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Carmeliet P, De Smet F, Loges S and Mazzone M: Branching morphogenesis and antiangiogenesis candidates: Tip cells lead the way. Nat Rev Clin Oncol. 6:315–326. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar

Li B, Sharpe EE, Maupin AB, Teleron AA, Pyle AL, Carmeliet P and Young PP: VEGF and PlGF promote adult vasculogenesis by enhancing EPC recruitment and vessel formation at the site of tumor neovascularization. FASEB J. 20:1495–1497. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar

Hicklin DJ and Ellis LM: Role of the vascular endothelial growth factor pathway in tumor growth and angiogenesis. J Clin Oncol. 23:1011–1027. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar

Podar K and Anderson KC: The pathophysiologic role of VEGF in hematologic malignancies: Therapeutic implications. Blood. 105:1383–1395. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar

Youssoufian H, Hicklin DJ and Rowinsky EK: Review: Monoclonal antibodies to the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 in cancer therapy. Clin Cancer Res. 13:S5544–S5548. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar

Calvani M, Rapisarda A, Uranchimeg B, Shoemaker RH and Melillo G: Hypoxic induction of an HIF-1alpha-dependent bFGF autocrine loop drives angiogenesis in human endothelial cells. Blood. 107:2705–2712. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar

Waldner MJ, Wirtz S, Jefremow A, Warntjen M, Neufert C, Atreya R, Becker C, Weigmann B, Vieth M, Rose-John S, et al: VEGF receptor signaling links inflammation and tumorigenesis in colitis-associated cancer. J Exp Med. 207:2855–2868. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Albuquerque RJC, Hayashi T, Cho WG, Kleinman ME, Dridi S, Takeda A, Baffi JZ, Yamada K, Kaneko H, Green MG, et al: Alternatively spliced vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 is an essential endogenous inhibitor of lymphatic vessel growth. Nat Med. 15:1023–1030. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Becker J, Pavlakovic H, Ludewig F, Wilting F, Weich HA, Albuquerque R, Ambati J and Wilting J: Neuroblastoma progression correlates with downregulation of the lymphangiogenesis inhibitor sVEGFR-2. Clin Cancer Res. 16:1431–1441. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Petrova TV, Bono P, Holnthoner W, Chesnes J, Pytowski B, Sihto H, Laakkonen P, Heikkilä P, Joensuu H and Alitalo K: VEGFR-3 expression is restricted to blood and lymphatic vessels in solid tumors. Cancer Cell. 13:554–556. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Laakkonen P, Waltari M, Holopainen T, Takahashi T, Pytowski B, Steiner P, Hicklin D, Persaud K, Tonra JR, Witte L, et al: Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 3 is involved in tumor angiogenesis and growth. Cancer Res. 67:593–599. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

He Y, Rajantie I, Ilmonen M, Makinen T, Karkkainen MJ, Haiko P, Salven P and Alitalo K: Preexisting lymphatic endothelium but not endothelial progenitor cells are essential for tumor lymphangiogenesis and lymphatic metastasis. Cancer Res. 64:3737–3740. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Achen MG and Stacker SA: Targeting tumor stroma. Curr Cancer Drug Targets. 8:4462008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

He Y, Rajantie I, Pajusola K, Jeltsch M, Holopainen T, Yla-Herttuala S, Harding T, Jooss K, Takahashi T and Alitalo K: Vascular endothelial cell growth factor receptor 3-mediated activation of lymphatic endothelium is crucial for tumor cell entry and spread via lymphatic vessels. Cancer Res. 65:4739–4746. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Gerber HP and Ferrara N: Pharmacology and pharmacodynamics of bevacizumab as monotherapy or in combination with cytotoxic therapy in preclinical studies. Cancer Res. 65:671–680. 2005.PubMed/NCBI

Sandler A, Gray R, Perry MC, Brahmer J, Schiller JH, Dowlati A, Lilenbaum R and Johnson DH: Paclitaxel-carboplatin alone or with bevacizumab for non-small-cell lung cancer. N Engl J Med. 355:2542–2550. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Miles DW, Chan A, Dirix LY, Cortés J, Pivot X, Tomczak P, Delozier T, Sohn JH, Provencher L, Puglisi F, et al: Phase III study of bevacizumab plus docetaxel compared with placebo plus docetaxel for the first-line treatment of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative metastatic breast cancer. J Clin Oncol. 28:3239–3247. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Robert NJ, Diéras V, Glaspy J, Brufsky AM, Bondarenko I, Lipatov ON, Perez EA, Yardley DA, Chan SY, Zhou X, et al: RIBBON-1: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase III trial of chemotherapy with or without bevacizumab for first-line treatment of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative, locally recurrent or metastatic breast cancer. J Clin Oncol. 29:1252–1260. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Miller K, Wang M, Gralow J, Dickler M, Cobleigh M, Perez EA, Shenkier T, Cella D and Davidson NE: Paclitaxel plus bevacizumab versus paclitaxel alone for metastatic breast cancer. N Engl J Med. 357:2666–2676. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Valachis A, Polyzos NP, Patsopoulos NA, Georgoulias V, Mavroudis D and Mauri D: Bevacizumab in metastatic breast cancer: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 122:1–7. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Pivot X, Schneeweiss A, Verma S, Thomssen C, Passos-Coelho JL, Benedetti G, Ciruelos E, von Moos R, Chang HT, Duenne AA, et al: Efficacy and safety of bevacizumab in combination with docetaxel for the first-line treatment of elderly patients with locally recurrent or metastatic breast cancer: Results from AVADO. Eur J Cancer. 47:2387–2395. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar

Vach W, Høilund-Carlsen PF, Fischer BM, Gerke O and Weber W: How to study optimal timing of PET/CT for monitoring of cancer treatment. Am J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 1:54–62. 2011.PubMed/NCBI

Rakheja R, Ciarallo A, Alabed YZ and Hickeson M: Intravenous administration of diazepam significantly reduces brown fat activity on 18F-FDG PET/CT. Am J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 1:29–35. 2011.

Eary JF, Hawkins DS, Rodler ET and Conrad EUI III: (18)F-FDG PET in sarcoma treatment response imaging. Am J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 1:47–53. 2011.PubMed/NCBI

Iagaru A: 18F-FDG PET/CT: Timing for evaluation of response to therapy remains a clinical challenge. Am J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 1:63–64. 2011.

Mendel DB, Schreck RE, West DC, Li G, Strawn LM, Tanciongco SS, Vasile S, Shawver LK and Cherrington JM: The angiogenesis inhibitor SU5416 has long-lasting effects on vascular endothelial growth factor receptor phosphorylation and function. Clin Cancer Res. 6:4848–4858. 2000.

Laird AD, Vajkoczy P, Shawver LK, Thurnher A, Liang C, Mohammadi M, Schlessinger J, Ullrich A, Hubbard SR, Blake RA, et al: SU6668 is a potent antiangiogenic and antitumor agent that induces regression of established tumors. Cancer Res. 60:4152–4160. 2000.PubMed/NCBI

Drevs J, Hofmann I, Hugenschmidt H, Wittig C, Madjar H, Müller M, Wood J, Martiny-Baron G, Unger C and Marmé D: Effects of PTK787/ZK 222584, a specific inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor tyrosine kinases, on primary tumor, metastasis, vessel density, and blood flow in a murine renal cell carcinoma model. Cancer Res. 60:4819–4824. 2000.PubMed/NCBI

Davidoff AM, Leary MA, Ng CY and Vanin EF: Gene therapy-mediated expression by tumor cells of the angiogenesis inhibitor flk-1 results in inhibition of neuroblastoma growth in vivo. J Pediatr Surg. 36:30–36. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Klement G, Baruchel S, Rak J, Man S, Clark K, Hicklin DJ, Bohlen P and Kerbel RS: Continuous low-dose therapy with vinblastine and VEGF receptor-2 antibody induces sustained tumor regression without overt toxicity. J Clin Invest. 105:R15–R24. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Lee CG, Heijn M, di Tomaso E, Griffon-Etienne G, Ancukiewicz M, Koike C, Park KR, Ferrara N, Jain RK, Suit HD, et al: Anti-Vascular endothelial growth factor treatment augments tumor radiation response under normoxic or hypoxic conditions. Cancer Res. 60:5565–5570. 2000.

Kozin SV, Boucher Y, Hicklin DJ, Bohlen P, Jain RK and Suit HD: Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2-blocking antibody potentiates radiation-induced long-term control of human tumor xenografts. Cancer Res. 61:39–44. 2001.PubMed/NCBI

Jain RK: Normalizing tumor vasculature with anti-angiogenic therapy: A new paradigm for combination therapy. Nat Med. 7:987–989. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Yuan F, Chen Y, Dellian M, Safabakhsh N, Ferrara N and Jain RK: Time-dependent vascular regression and permeability changes in established human tumor xenografts induced by an anti-vascular endothelial growth factor/vascular permeability factor antibody. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 93:14765–14770. 1996. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Pham CD, Roberts TP, van Bruggen N, Melnyk O, Mann J, Ferrara N, Cohen RL and Brasch RC: Magnetic resonance imaging detects suppression of tumor vascular permeability after administration of antibody to vascular endothelial growth factor. Cancer Invest. 16:225–230. 1998. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Willett CG, Boucher Y, di Tomaso E, Duda DG, Munn LL, Tong RT, Chung DC, Sahani DV, Kalva SP, Kozin SV, et al: Direct evidence that the VEGF-specific antibody bevacizumab has antivascular effects in human rectal cancer. Nat Med. 10:145–147. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar

Hurwitz H, Fehrenbacher L, Novotny W, Cartwright T, Hainsworth J, Heim W, Berlin J, Baron A, Griffing S, Holmgren E, et al: Bevacizumab plus irinotecan, fluorouracil, and leucovorin for metastatic colorectal cancer. N Engl J Med. 350:2335–2342. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Escudier B, Bellmunt J, Négrier S, Bajetta E, Melichar B, Bracarda S, Ravaud A, Golding S, Jethwa S and Sneller V: Phase III trial of bevacizumab plus interferon alfa-2a in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (AVOREN): Final analysis of overall survival. J Clin Oncol. 28:2144–2150. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Friedman HS, Prados MD, Wen PY, Mikkelsen T, Schiff D, Abrey LE, Yung WKA, Paleologos N, Nicholas MK, Jensen R, et al: Bevacizumab alone and in combination with irinotecan in recurrent glioblastoma. J Clin Oncol. 27:4733–4740. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar

Kreisl TN, Kim L, Moore K, Duic P, Royce C, Stroud I, Garren N, Mackey M, Butman JA, Camphausen K, et al: Phase II trial of single-agent bevacizumab followed by bevacizumab plus irinotecan at tumor progression in recurrent glioblastoma. J Clin Oncol. 27:740–745. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar :

Rini BI, Halabi S, Rosenberg JE, Stadler WM, Vaena DA, Ou SS, Archer L, Atkins JN, Picus J, Czaykowski P, et al: Bevacizumab plus interferon alfa compared with interferon alfa monotherapy in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma: CALGB 90206. J Clin Oncol. 26:5422–5428. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar

Yang JC, Haworth L, Sherry RM, Hwu P, Schwartzentruber DJ, Topalian SL, Steinberg SM, Chen HX and Rosenberg SA: A randomized trial of bevacizumab, an anti-vascular endothelial growth factor antibody, for metastatic renal cancer. N Engl J Med. 349:427–434. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Van Meter ME and Kim ES: Bevacizumab: Current updates in treatment. Curr Opin Oncol. 22:586–591. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar

Keunen O, Johansson M, Oudin A, Sanzey M, Rahim SA, Fack F, Thorsen F, Taxt T, Bartos M, Jirik R, et al: Anti-VEGF treatment reduces blood supply and increases tumor cell invasion in glioblastoma. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 108:3749–3754. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Artico M, Cervoni L, Celli P, Salvati M and Palma L: Supratentorial glioblastoma in children: A series of 27 surgically treated cases. Childs Nerv Syst. 9:7–9. 1993. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Bruns CJ, Shrader M, Harbison MT, Portera C, Solorzano CC, Jauch KW, Hicklin DJ, Radinsky R and Ellis LM: Effect of the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 antibody DC101 plus gemcitabine on growth, metastasis and angiogenesis of human pancreatic cancer growing orthotopically in nude mice. Int J Cancer. 102:101–108. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Shaheen RM, Tseng WW, Vellagas R, Liu W, Ahmad SA, Jung YD, Reinmuth N, Drazan KE, Bucana CD, Hicklin DJ, et al: Effects of an antibody to vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 on survival, tumor vascularity, and apoptosis in a murine model of colon carcinomatosis. Int J Oncol. 18:221–226. 2001.

Spratlin J: Ramucirumab (IMC-1121B): Monoclonal antibody inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2. Curr Oncol Rep. 13:97–102. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Demetri GD, van Oosterom AT, Garrett CR, Blackstein ME, Shah MH, Verweij J, McArthur G, Judson IR, Heinrich MC, Morgan JA, et al: Efficacy and safety of sunitinib in patients with advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumour after failure of imatinib: A randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 368:1329–1338. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Motzer RJ, Michaelson MD, Rosenberg J, Bukowski RM, Curti BD, George DJ, Hudes GR, Redman BG, Margolin KA and Wilding G: Sunitinib efficacy against advanced renal cell carcinoma. J Urol. 178:1883–1887. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Escudier B, Eisen T, Stadler WM, Szczylik C, Oudard S, Siebels M, Negrier S, Chevreau C, Solska E, Desai AA, et al; TARGET Study Group. Sorafenib in advanced clear-cell renal-cell carcinoma. N Engl J Med. 356:125–134. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Llovet JM, Ricci S, Mazzaferro V, Hilgard P, Gane E, Blanc JF, de Oliveira AC, Santoro A, Raoul JL, Forner A, et al; SHARP Investigators Study Group. Sorafenib in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. N Engl J Med. 359:378–390. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Gruber BL, Marchese MJ and Kew R: Angiogenic factors stimulate mast-cell migration. Blood. 86:2488–2493. 1995.PubMed/NCBI

Thomas AL, Morgan B, Drevs J, Jivan A, Buchert M, Horsfield M, et al: Pharmacodynamic results using dynamic contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of 2 Phase 1 studies of the VEGF inhibitor PTK787/ZK 222584 in patients with liver metastases from colorectal cancer. Proc ASCO. 20:2792001.

Jain RK, Duda DG, Clark JW and Loeffler JS: Lessons from phase III clinical trials on anti-VEGF therapy for cancer. Nat Clin Pract Oncol. 3:24–40. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Burris H III and Rocha-Lima C: New therapeutic directions for advanced pancreatic cancer: Targeting the epidermal growth factor and vascular endothelial growth factor pathways. Oncologist. 13:289–298. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Bergers G and Hanahan D: Modes of resistance to anti-angiogenic therapy. Nat Rev Cancer. 8:592–603. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar

Ellis LM and Hicklin DJ: Pathways mediating resistance to vascular endothelial growth factor-targeted therapy. Clin Cancer Res. 14:6371–6375. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Kerbel RS: Tumor angiogenesis. N Engl J Med. 358:2039–2049. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Shojaei F and Ferrara N: Role of the microenvironment in tumor growth and in refractoriness/resistance to anti-angiogenic therapies. Drug Resist Updat. 11:219–230. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Relf M, LeJeune S, Scott PA, Fox S, Smith K, Leek R, Moghaddam A, Whitehouse R, Bicknell R and Harris AL: Expression of the angiogenic factors vascular endothelial cell growth factor, acidic and basic fibroblast growth factor, tumor growth factor β-1, platelet-derived endothelial cell growth factor, placenta growth factor, and pleiotrophin in human primary breast cancer and its relation to angiogenesis. Cancer Res. 57:963–969. 1997.PubMed/NCBI

Christofori G, Naik P and Hanahan D: Vascular endothelial growth factor and its receptors, flt-1 and flk-1, are expressed in normal pancreatic islets and throughout islet cell tumorigenesis. Mol Endocrinol. 9:1760–1770. 1995.PubMed/NCBI

Inoue M, Hager JH, Ferrara N, Gerber HP and Hanahan D: VEGF-A has a critical, nonredundant role in angiogenic switching and pancreatic β cell carcinogenesis. Cancer Cell. 1:193–202. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Joyce JA, Laakkonen P, Bernasconi M, Bergers G, Ruoslahti E and Hanahan D: Stage-specific vascular markers revealed by phage display in a mouse model of pancreatic islet tumorigenesis. Cancer Cell. 4:393–403. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Bergers G, Javaherian K, Lo KM, Folkman J and Hanahan D: Effects of angiogenesis inhibitors on multistage carcinogenesis in mice. Science. 284:808–812. 1999. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Bergers G, Brekken R, McMahon G, Vu TH, Itoh T, Tamaki K, Tanzawa K, Thorpe P, Itohara S, Werb Z, et al: Matrix metalloproteinase-9 triggers the angiogenic switch during carcinogenesis. Nat Cell Biol. 2:737–744. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Bergers G, Song S, Meyer-Morse N, Bergsland E and Hanahan D: Benefits of targeting both pericytes and endothelial cells in the tumor vasculature with kinase inhibitors. J Clin Invest. 111:1287–1295. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar :

Slamon DJ, Leyland-Jones B, Shak S, Fuchs H, Paton V, Bajamonde A, Fleming T, Eiermann W, Wolter J, Pegram M, et al: Use of chemotherapy plus a monoclonal antibody against HER2 for metastatic breast cancer that overexpresses HER2. N Engl J Med. 344:783–792. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Hillan KJ: The role of VEGF expression in response to bevacizumab plus capcitabine in metastatic breast cancer (MBC). J Clin Oncol. 21:S2842003.

Gobbi G, Mirandola P, Micheloni C, Solenghi E, Sponzilli I, Artico M, Soda G, Zanelli G, Pelusi G, Fiorini T, et al: Expression of HLA class I antigen and proteasome subunits LMP-2 and LMP-10 in primary vs. metastatic breast carcinoma lesions. Int J Oncol. 25:1625–1629. 2004.PubMed/NCBI

Jubb AM, Hurwitz HI, Bai W, Holmgren EB, Tobin P, Guerrero AS, Kabbinavar F, Holden SN, Novotny WF, Frantz GD, et al: Impact of vascular endothelial growth factor-A expression, thrombospondin-2 expression, and microvessel density on the treatment effect of bevacizumab in metastatic colorectal cancer. J Clin Oncol. 24:217–227. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar

Nagengast WB, de Korte MA, Oude Munnink TH, Timmer-Bosscha H, den Dunnen WF, Hollema H, de Jong JR, Jensen MR, Quadt C, Garcia-Echeverria C, et al: 89Zr-bevacizumab PET of early antiangiogenic tumor response to treatment with HSP90 inhibitor NVP-AUY922. J Nucl Med. 51:761–767. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Christoforidis JB, Carlton MM, Knopp MV and Hinkle GH: PET/CT imaging of I-124-radiolabeled bevacizumab and ranibizumab after intravitreal injection in a rabbit model. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 52:5899–5903. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Nayak TK, Garmestani K, Baidoo KE, Milenic DE and Brechbiel MW: PET imaging of tumor angiogenesis in mice with VEGF-A-targeted (86)Y-CHX-A″-DTPA-bevacizumab. Int J Cancer. 128:920–926. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar

Paudyal B, Paudyal P, Oriuchi N, Hanaoka H, Tominaga H and Endo K: Positron emission tomography imaging and biodistribution of vascular endothelial growth factor with 64Cu-labeled bevacizumab in colorectal cancer xenografts. Cancer Sci. 102:117–121. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar

Nagengast WB, Hooge MN, van Straten EM, Kruijff S, Brouwers AH, den Dunnen WF, de Jong JR, Hollema H, Dierckx RA, Mulder NH, et al: VEGF-SPECT with ¹¹¹In-bevacizumab in stage III/IV melanoma patients. Eur J Cancer. 47:1595–1602. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Zhang L, Xu JS, Sanders VM, Letson AD, Roberts CJ and Xu RX: Multifunctional microbubbles for image-guided anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy. J Biomed Opt1. 5:0305152010. View Article : Google Scholar

Terwisscha van Scheltinga AG, van Dam GM, Nagengast WB, Ntziachristos V, Hollema H, Herek JL, Schröder CP, Kosterink JG, Lub-de Hoog MN and de Vries EG: Intraoperative near-infrared fluorescence tumor imaging with vascular endothelial growth factor and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 targeting antibodies. J Nucl Med. 52:1778–1785. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Nagengast WB, de Vries EG, Hospers GA, Mulder NH, de Jong JR, Hollema H, Brouwers AH, van Dongen GA, Perk LR and Lub-de Hooge MN: In vivo VEGF imaging with radiolabeled bevacizumab in a human ovarian tumor xenograft. J Nucl Med. 48:1313–1319. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar

Helisch A, Förster GJ, Reber H, Buchholz HG, Arnold R, Göke B, Weber MM, Wiedenmann B, Pauwels S, Haus U, et al: Pre-therapeutic dosimetry and biodistribution of 86Y-DOTA-Phe1-Tyr3-octreotide versus 111In-pentetreotide in patients with advanced neuroendocrine tumours. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 31:1386–1392. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Scheer MG, Stollman TH, Boerman OC, Verrijp K, Sweep FC, Leenders WP, Ruers TJ and Oyen WJ: Imaging liver metastases of colorectal cancer patients with radiolabelled bevacizumab: Lack of correlation with VEGF-A expression. Eur J Cancer. 44:1835–1840. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Vogl G, Bartel H, Dietze O and Hauser-Kronberger C: HER2 is unlikely to be involved in directly regulating angiogenesis in human breast cancer. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol. 14:138–145. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Kostopoulos I, Arapantoni-Dadioti P, Gogas H, Papadopoulos S, Malamou-Mitsi V, Scopa CD, Markaki S, Karagianni E, Kyriakou V, Margariti A, et al: Evaluation of the prognostic value of HER-2 and VEGF in breast cancer patients participating in a randomized study with dose-dense sequential adjuvant chemotherapy. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 96:251–261. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Liu Y, Tamimi RM, Collins LC, Schnitt SJ, Gilmore HL, Connolly JL and Colditz GA: The association between vascular endothelial growth factor expression in invasive breast cancer and survival varies with intrinsic subtypes and use of adjuvant systemic therapy: Results from the Nurses' Health Study. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 129:175–184. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Oosting SF, Brouwers AH, Van Es SC, Nagengast WB, Oude Munnink TH, Lub-de Hooge MN, Hollema H, de Jong JR, de Jong IJ, de Haas S, et al: 89Zr-bevacizumab PET imaging in metastatic renal cell carcinoma patients before and during antiangiogenic treatment. J Clin Oncol. 30(Suppl): 105812012.

Bluff JE, Menakuru SR, Cross SS, Higham SE, Balasubramanian SP, Brown NJ, Reed MW and Staton CA: Angiogenesis is associated with the onset of hyperplasia in human ductal breast disease. Br J Cancer. 101:666–672. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Perk LR, Visser OJ, Stigter-van Walsum M, Vosjan MJ, Visser GW, Zijlstra JM, Huijgens PC and van Dongen GA: Preparation and evaluation of (89)Zr-Zevalin for monitoring of (90)Y-Zevalin biodistribution with positron emission tomography. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 33:1337–1345. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Herzog H, Tellmann L, Scholten B, Coenen HH and Qaim SM: PET imaging problems with the non-standard positron emitters Yttrium-86 and Iodine-124. Q J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 52:159–165. 2008.

Buchholz HG, Herzog H, Förster GJ, Reber H, Nickel O, Rösch F and Bartenstein P: PET imaging with yttrium-86: Comparison of phantom measurements acquired with different PET scanners before and after applying background subtraction. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 30:716–720. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Palm S, Enmon RM Jr, Matei C, Kolbert KS, Xu S, Zanzonico PB, Finn RL, Koutcher JA, Larson SM and Sgouros G: Pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of (86)Y-Trastuzumab for (90)Y dosimetry in an ovarian carcinoma model: Correlative MicroPET and MRI. J Nucl Med. 44:1148–1155. 2003.PubMed/NCBI

O'Connor MK, Li H, Rhodes DJ, Hruska CB, Clancy CB and Vetter RJ: Comparison of radiation exposure and associated radiation-induced cancer risks from mammography and molecular imaging of the breast. Med Phys. 37:6187–6198. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar

De Jong JR, Warnders FJ, Nagengast WB, Dierckx RAJO, Hospers GAP, Brouwers AH, De Vries EGE and De Hooge MN: Radiation dosimetry of ¹¹¹In-bevacizumab for VEGF-SPECT in melanoma patients. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 37(Suppl): S477. 2010.

Börjesson PK, Jauw YW, de Bree R, Roos JC, Castelijns JA, Leemans CR, van Dongen GA and Boellaard R: Radiation dosimetry of 89Zr-labeled chimeric monoclonal antibody U36 as used for immuno-PET in head and neck cancer patients. J Nucl Med. 50:1828–1836. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Murano T, Minamimoto R, Senda M, Uno K, Jinnouchi S, Fukuda H, Iinuma T, Tsukamoto E, Terauchi T, Yoshida T, et al: Radiation exposure and risk-benefit analysis in cancer screening using FDG-PET: Results of a Japanese nationwide survey. Ann Nucl Med. 25:657–666. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Gaykema SB, Brouwers AH, Lub-de Hooge MN, Pleijhuis RG, Timmer-Bosscha H, Pot L, van Dam GM, van der Meulen SB, de Jong JR, Bart J, et al: 89Zr-bevacizumab PET imaging in primary breast cancer. J Nucl Med. 54:1014–1018. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Collingridge DR, Carroll VA, Glaser M, Aboagye EO, Osman S, Hutchinson OC, Barthel H, Luthra SK, Brady F, Bicknell R, et al: The development of [(124)I]iodinated-VG76e: A novel tracer for imaging vascular endothelial growth factor in vivo using positron emission tomography. Cancer Res. 62:5912–5919. 2002.PubMed/NCBI

Jayson GC, Zweit J, Jackson A, Mulatero C, Julyan P, Ranson M, Broughton L, Wagstaff J, Hakannson L, Groenewegen G, et al; European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Biological Therapeutic Development Group. Molecular imaging and biological evaluation of HuMV833 anti-VEGF antibody: Implications for trial design of antiangiogenic antibodies. J Natl Cancer Inst. 94:1484–1493. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar

Chan C, Sandhu J, Guha A, Scollard DA, Wang J, Chen P, Bai K, Lee L and Reilly RM: A human transferrin-vascular endothelial growth factor (hnTf-VEGF) fusion protein containing an integrated binding site for (111)In for imaging tumor angiogenesis. J Nucl Med. 46:1745–1752. 2005.PubMed/NCBI

Backer MV, Levashova Z, Patel V, Jehning BT, Claffey K, Blankenberg FG and Backer JM: Molecular imaging of VEGF receptors in angiogenic vasculature with single-chain VEGF-based probes. Nat Med. 13:504–509. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar

Blankenberg FG, Backer MV, Levashova Z, Patel V and Backer JM: In vivo tumor angiogenesis imaging with site-specific labeled (99m)Tc-HYNIC-VEGF. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 33:841–848. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Wang H, Cai W, Chen K, Li ZB, Kashefi A, He L and Chen X: A new PET tracer specific for vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 34:2001–2010. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Hsu AR, Cai W, Veeravagu A, Mohamedali KA, Chen K, Kim S, Vogel H, Hou LC, Tse V, Rosenblum MG, et al: Multimodality molecular imaging of glioblastoma growth inhibition with vasculature-targeting fusion toxin VEGF121/rGel. J Nucl Med. 48:445–454. 2007.PubMed/NCBI

Cai W and Chen X: Multimodality imaging of vascular endothelial growth factor and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor expression. Front Biosci. 12:4267–4279. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Backer MV and Backer JM: Imaging key biomarkers of tumor angiogenesis. Theranostics. 2:502–515. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI